Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Insulin-naïve type 2 diabetic patients (n = 73) | Insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients (n = 57) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD (yrs) | 56.0 ± 8.9 | 55.6 ± 8.7 | .824 |
| % female (number) | 31.5 (23) | 38.6 (22) | .399 |
| Mean disease duration ± SD (yrs) | 6.8 ± 5.0 | 12.7 ± 7.2 | < .001 |
| Mean HbA1c ± SD (%) | 8.8 ± 1.6 | 8.5 ± 1.6 | .455 |
| Mean BMI ± SD (kg/m2) | 32.6 ± 6.0 | 35.7 ± 7.9 | .0.17 |
| # of complications 1 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 1.4 ± 1.3 | < .001 |
| Mean ITAS ± SD (total score) | 50.0 ± 10.8 | 45.8 ± 8.3 | .013 |
| Mean negative ITAS ± SD | 41.3 ± 10.4 | 37.4 ± 7.6 | .016 |
| Mean positive ITAS ± SD | 9.9 ± 2.3 | 9.4 ± 1.9 | .175 |
| Mean PAID ± SD | 31.4 ± 18.3 | 28.2 ± 14.1 | .257 |
| Mean WHO-5 ± SD | 14.7 ± 6.3 | 12.9 ± 6.4 | .115 |
| Mean CES-D ± SD | 14.4 ± 9.7 | 17.8 ± 10.9 | .072 |
| Mean Trait Anxiety ± SD | 39.9 ± 11.3 | 41.6 ± 8.4 | .334 |
1Retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot syndrome, coronary heart disease, stroke, arterial occlusive disease