Table 2.
| Table 2a. Demographics and Neuropsychological Measures – Alcoholics (Abstinent Before Age 50) vs Controls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Sober Before Age 50 | Controls | Effect Size (%) | ||||
| Male (n=16) |
Female (n=23) |
Male (n=16) |
Female (n=23) |
Group | Gender | Group × Gender | |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (years) | 66.40 ± 5.49 | 64.98 ± 4.67 | 66.86 ± 3.98 | 65.75 ± 4.56 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 0.0 |
| Years Education | 14.59 ± 2.76 | 15.91 ± 2.41 | 17.19 ± 2.17 | 16.13 ± 1.69 | 9.0** | 0.1 | 6.6* |
|
| |||||||
| Neuropsychological Measures | |||||||
| Average z-score | 0.21 ± 0.43 | 0.21 ± 0.37 | 0.31 ± 0.42 | 0.26 ± 0.40 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Attention | 0.16 ± 0.62 | 0.01 ± 0.34 | −0.18 ± 0.70 | 0.04 ± 0.54 | 2.9 | 0.3 | 3.5 |
| Auditory Working Memory | −0.75 ± 1.24 | −0.35 ± 0.67 | 0.17 ± 0.60 | −0.16 ± 0.68 | 10.6** | 0.0 | 4.9 |
| Verbal | 1.19 ± 0.41 | 1.03 ± 0.53 | 0.90 ± 0.76 | 0.95 ± 0.53 | 2.8 | 0.0 | 1.2 |
| Abstraction/Cognitive Flexibility | 0.06 ± 0.68 | −0.06 ± 0.48 | 0.29 ± 0.65 | 0.14 ± 0.39 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 0.0 |
| Psychomotor | −0.04 ± 0.82 | −0.02 ± 0.72 | −0.06 ± 0.73 | −0.10 ± 0.69 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Immediate Memory | 0.49 ± 0.54 | 0.52 ± 0.66 | 0.51 ± 0.55 | 0.61 ± 0.56 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Delayed Memory | 0.19 ± 0.66 | 0.30 ± 0.72 | 0.26 ± 0.75 | 0.37 ± 0.79 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Reaction Time | 0.38 ± 0.65 | 0.45 ± 0.41 | 0.45 ± 0.50 | 0.24 ± 0.58 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.7 |
| Spatial Processing | 0.22 ± 0.59 | 0.03 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.43 | 0.24 ± 0.55 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 0.3 |
| AMNART | 1.34 ± 0.34 | 1.29 ± 0.32 | 1.35 ± 0.51 | 1.21 ± 0.43 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.3 |
| Global Clinical Impairment Score | 1.13 ± 1.71 | 0.30 ± 0.47 | 0.38 ± 1.02 | 0.35 ± 0.47 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 3.4 |
| Table 2b. Neuropsychological Domains and Individual Tests (Raw Scores) – EAA1 vs Controls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Alcoholics Abstinent Before 50 |
Controls | Effect Size (%) | ||||
| Male (n=16) |
Female (n=23) |
Male (n=16) |
Female (n=23) |
Group | Gender | Group by Gender |
|
|
Neuropsychological Domains (Raw scores) | |||||||
| Abstraction/Cognitive Flexibility | |||||||
| MicroCog Analogies | 12.5 ± 3.3 | 11.0 ± 2.5 | 13.0 ± 2.8 | 11.4 ± 3.0 | 0.7 | 6.8* | 0.0 |
| MicroCog Object Match A | 10.4 ± 3.3 | 10.2 ± 2.4 | 10.9 ± 2.3 | 10.8 ± 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Short Categories | 40.2 ± 11.1 | 43.2 ± 10.8 | 35.6 ± 17.3 | 36.5 ± 13.7 | 4.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| Stroop-Interference | 29.1 ± 8.4 | 38.0 ± 10.1 | 35.8 ± 12.0 | 37.4 ± 7.6 | 2.5 | 7.1* | 3.5 |
| Trails B | 82.4 ± 37.2 | 81.9 ± 35.2 | 88.3 ± 32.6 | 74.9 ± 25.5 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
| Attention | |||||||
| MicroCog Alphabet | 11.4 ± 0.5 | 11.4 ± 0.5 | 11.5 ± 0.6 | 11.5 ± 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| MicroCog Numbers Forward | 11.5 ± 2.9 | 10.1 ± 2.2 | 8.7 ± 3.6 | 9.8 ± 3.3 | 6.6* | 0.1 | 4.1 |
| MicroCog Numbers Reversed | 9.8 ± 4.1 | 8.7 ± 2.5 | 7.9 ± 3.8 | 8.9 ± 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 2.3 |
| MicroCog Wordlist 1 | 11.1 ± 2.6 | 10.9 ± 2.1 | 10.7 ± 3.2 | 11.1 ± 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
| Stroop-Color | 64.6 ± 8.4 | 68.5 ± 11.8 | 61.7 ± 15.6 | 68.8 ± 11.0 | 0.3 | 5.1* | 0.5 |
| Auditory Working Memory | |||||||
| PASAT 2.4 (seconds delay) | 28.9 ± 15.3 | 36.6 ± 9.7 | 42.8 ± 11.6 | 38.4 ± 11.1 | 10.0** | 0.4 | 6.2* |
| PASAT 2.0 (seconds delay) | 30.5 ± 14.5 | 33.3 ± 13.6 | 38.2 ± 10.2 | 33.6 ± 11.0 | 2.6 | 0.1 | 2.2 |
| PASAT 1.6 (seconds delay) | 26.8 ± 14.1 | 26.3 ± 12.5 | 33.8 ± 8.6 | 29.4 ± 10.4 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.7 |
| PASAT 1.2 (seconds delay) | 19.7 ± 11.1 | 19.3 ± 8.6 | 24.7 ± 5.2 | 22.1 ± 7.4 | 5.4 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Immediate Memory | |||||||
| MicroCog Story Recall | 9.1 ± 1.4 | 9.3 ± 2.0 | 9.3 ± 1.4 | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| MicroCog Wordlist 2 | 13.8 ± 3.2 | 14.2 ± 3.6 | 14.1 ± 1.9 | 14.3 ± 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Rey-Immediate Recall | 39.1 ± 7.3 | 38.1 ± 13.1 | 38.4 ± 13.3 | 41.1 ± 12.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
| Delayed Memory | |||||||
| MicroCog Story-Delayed Recall | 10.0 ± 3.0 | 10.3 ± 2.6 | 9.9 ± 2.9 | 10.6 ± 3.6 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| Rey-Delayed Recall | 37.1 ± 7.2 | 38.2 ± 13.4 | 38.8 ± 12.8 | 40.0 ± 10.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 |
| Psychomotor | |||||||
| Symbol Digit Modalities | 43.1 ± 7.8 | 47.6 ± 10.6 | 45.5 ± 5.5 | 47.3 ± 8.7 | 0.4 | 3.3 | 0.6 |
| Trails A | 35.9 ± 9.4 | 36.3 ± 11.4 | 37.6 ± 14.5 | 38.3 ± 12.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Reaction Time | |||||||
| MicroCog Cued Timers | 10.9 ± 2.4 | 11.7 ± 1.7 | 11.4 ± 1.8 | 11.1 ± 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 |
| MicroCog Simple Timers | 11.3 ± 1.9 | 11.1 ± 1.3 | 11.3 ± 1.5 | 10.3 ± 1.9 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 1.1 |
| Spatial Processing | |||||||
| Block Design | 35.5 ± 9.0 | 31.7 ± 8.9 | 40.4 ± 9.8 | 34.9 ± 10.2 | 4.4 | 5.8* | 0.2 |
| MicroCog Clocks | 12.3 ± 2.0 | 12.6 ± 1.0 | 12.6 ± 1.2 | 12.3 ± 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
| MicroCog Tic Tac | 8.6 ± 2.5 | 7.7 ± 2.2 | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 9.0 ± 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.7 |
| Verbal | |||||||
| AMNART | 36.6 ± 4.5 | 34.7 ± 4.6 | 34.9 ± 7.6 | 33.3 ± 6.7 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 0.0 |
| COWAT | 43.4 ± 9.9 | 41.6 ± 10.0 | 39.4 ± 11.3 | 40.8 ± 9.3 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
Measures are reported mean ± standard deviation. Effect is significant:
*
= p ≤ 0.05;
**
= p ≤ 0.01