Table 3.
| Table 3a. Demographics and Neuropsychological Measures – Alcoholics (Abstinent Between the Ages of 50–60) vs Controls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Abstinent Between 50 – 60 | Controls | Effect Size (%) | ||||
| Male (n=16) |
Female (n=10) |
Male (n=16) |
Female (n=10) |
Group | Gender | Group × Gender | |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age (years) | 65.38 ± 4.84 | 68.62 ± 6.78 | 66.40 ± 3.15 | 68.18 ± 6.56 | 0.1 | 5.6 | 0.5 |
| Years Education | 16.50 ± 3.14 | 16.3 ± 3.68 | 17.19 ± 2.17 | 16.20 ± 1.48 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.5 |
|
| |||||||
| Neuropsychological Measures | |||||||
| Average z-score | 0.36 ± 0.49 | 0.40± 0.32 | 0.27 ± 0.40 | 0.03 ± 0.36 | 8.7* | 1.5 | 2.9 |
| Attention | 0.17 ± 0.47 | 0.42 ± 0.54 | −0.27 ± 0.71 | −0.24 ± 0.58 | 19.2** | 1.8 | 0.6 |
| Auditory Working Memory | −0.07 ± 0.77 | −0.25 ± 0.90 | 0.10 ± 0.60 | −0.85 ± 1.24 | 1.7 | 10.2* | 5.0 |
| Verbal | 0.84 ± 0.59 | 1.36 ± 0.44 | 0.84 ± 0.76 | 0.52 ± 0.42 | 9.5* | 1.3 | 9.3* |
| Abstraction/Cognitive Flexibility | 0.15 ± 0.77 | 0.33 ± 0.45 | 0.28 ± 0.60 | −0.03 ± 0.40 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 3.5 |
| Psychomotor | −0.06 ± 0.75 | −0.05 ± 0.48 | −0.13 ± 0.76 | −0.26 ± 0.63 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Immediate Memory | 0.78 ± 0.46 | 0.54 ± 0.90 | 0.45 ± 0.53 | 0.44 ± 0.38 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 0.5 |
| Delayed Memory | 0.58 ± 0.69 | 0.38 ± 0.96 | 0.28 ± 0.74 | 0.17 ± 0.73 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 0.1 |
| Reaction Time | 0.40 ± 0.68 | 0.35 ± 0.48 | 0.46 ± 0.49 | 0.12 ± 0.50 | 1.0 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
| Spatial Processing | 0.42 ± 0.66 | 0.48 ± 0.45 | 0.37 ± 0.31 | 0.27 ± 0.55 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
| AMNART | 1.20 ± 0.56 | 1.62 ± 0.28 | 1.34 ± 0.50 | 1.03 ± 0.44 | 5.2 | 0.4 | 13.1** |
| Global Clinical Impairment Score | 0.50 ± 1.15 | 0.60 ± 1.07 | 0.50 ± 1.10 | 0.60 ± 0.97 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| Table 3b. Neuropsychological Domains and Individual Tests (Raw Scores) – EAA2 vs Controls | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Alcoholics Abstinent Between 50 – 60 |
Controls | Effect Size (%) | ||||
| Male (n=16) |
Female (n=10) |
Male (n=16) |
Female (n=10) |
Group | Gender | Group by Gender |
|
|
Neuropsychological Domains (Raw scores) | |||||||
| Abstraction/Cognitive Flexibility | |||||||
| MicroCog Analogies | 11.4 ± 3.2 | 12.7 ± 3.1 | 13.1 ± 3.1 | 10.8 ± 3.2 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 7.7* |
| MicroCog Object Match A | 10.3 ± 2.8 | 11.3 ± 1.4 | 11.0 ± 2.1 | 9.9 ± 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 4.9 |
| Short Categories | 36.7 ± 13.7 | 35.1 ± 16.0 | 37.5 ± 17.2 | 37.8 ± 13.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Stroop-Interference | 33.3 ± 7.8 | 40.2 ± 6.9 | 36.3 ± 11.0 | 35.6 ± 9.8 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 4.3 |
| Trails B | 71.9 ± 31.7 | 77.2 ± 25.9 | 85.6 ± 31.3 | 90.2 ± 30.8 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Attention | |||||||
| MicroCog Alphabet | 11.3 ± 0.5 | 11.7 ± 0.7 | 11.5 ± 0.6 | 11.6 ± 0.5 | 0.1 | 4.4 | 1.6 |
| MicroCog Numbers Forward | 10.9 ± 3.0 | 12.5 ± 3.9 | 7.9 ± 3.4 | 8.5 ± 4.0 | 20.7*** | 2.3 | 0.5 |
| MicroCog Numbers Reversed | 11.1 ± 3.4 | 9.1 ± 3.5 | 7.9 ± 4.2 | 7.7 ± 3.0 | 9.3* | 2.2 | 1.5 |
| MicroCog Wordlist 1 | 11.1 ± 3.1 | 12.5 ± 0.7 | 10.5 ± 3.2 | 10.2 ± 3.2 | 6.3 | 0.9 | 2.2 |
| Stroop-Color | 64.4 ± 8.9 | 73.8 ± 8.2 | 61.7 ± 14.9 | 62.8 ± 12.0 | 8.2* | 4.9 | 3.1 |
| Auditory Working Memory | |||||||
| PASAT 2.4 (seconds delay) | 38.9 ± 15.2 | 38.5 ± 15.2 | 41.2 ± 11.6 | 25.6 ± 13.7 | 4.1 | 8.9* | 8.0* |
| PASAT 2.0 (seconds delay) | 38.3 ± 10.5 | 37.9 ± 7.3 | 36.9 ± 10.2 | 24.4 ± 14.9 | 10.7* | 8.2 | 7.3 |
| PASAT 1.6 (seconds delay) | 32.9 ± 9.6 | 29.8 ± 7.6 | 32.8 ± 7.7 | 23.9 ± 15.3 | 2.3 | 8.4 | 2.0 |
| PASAT 1.2 (seconds delay) | 22.7 ± 10.3 | 23.5 ± 7.8 | 24.6 ± 5.1 | 17.8 ± 11.3 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 4.6 |
| Immediate Memory | |||||||
| MicroCog Story Recall | 8.9 ± 1.5 | 9.3 ± 1.6 | 9.1 ± 1.3 | 8.2 ± 1.7 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 4.1 |
| MicroCog Wordlist 2 | 15.1 ± 1.3 | 13.9 ± 4.3 | 13.8 ± 1.9 | 14.1 ± 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 2.3 |
| Rey-Immediate Recall | 45.7 ± 11.5 | 38.8 ± 14.3 | 38.6 ± 12.4 | 38.8 ± 11.6 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.1 |
| Delayed Memory | |||||||
| MicroCog Story-Delayed Recall | 10.6 ± 2.6 | 10.6 ± 4.2 | 10.1 ± 3.1 | 9.1 ± 3.5 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| Rey-Delayed Recall | 44.9 ± 11.7 | 38.7 ± 13.5 | 39.0 ± 11.9 | 38.7 ± 7.0 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.7 |
| Psychomotor | |||||||
| Symbol Digit Modalities | 46.6 ± 7.8 | 49.4 ± 6.6 | 43.6 ± 6.5 | 45.3 ± 7.6 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 0.2 |
| Trails A | 34.4 ± 9.3 | 42.8 ± 11.9 | 36.2 ± 12.9 | 43.0 ± 15.1 | 0.2 | 9.0* | 0.1 |
| Reaction Time | |||||||
| MicroCog Cued Timers | 12.0 ± 1.7 | 11.2 ± 2.2 | 11.3 ± 1.9 | 11.1 ± 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 0.5 |
| MicroCog Simple Timers | 10.5 ± 2.7 | 11.0 ± 1.4 | 11.4 ± 1.4 | 9.7 ± 1.1 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 9.0* |
| Spatial Processing | |||||||
| Block Design | 41.2 ± 13.2 | 38.8 ± 10.9 | 38.8 ± 9.9 | 39.0 ± 11.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| MicroCog Clocks | 12.0 ± 2.5 | 13.1 ± 1.3 | 12.6 ± 1.2 | 11.5 ± 1.4 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 8.9* |
| MicroCog Tic Tac | 9.4 ± 2.1 | 8.7 ± 1.3 | 8.6 ± 1.6 | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
| Verbal | |||||||
| AMNART | 32.9 ± 8.1 | 40.6 ± 4.1 | 34.8 ± 7.5 | 30.2 ± 6.9 | 8.4* | 1.2 | 16.3** |
| COWAT | 38.6 ± 11.7 | 47.6 ± 15.1 | 38.1 ± 11.3 | 33.7 ± 6.4 | 9.1* | 1.0 | 7.9* |
Measures are reported mean ± standard deviation. Effect is significant:
*
p ≤ 0.05;
**
p ≤ 0.01;
***
= p ≤ 0.001