Abstract
Neuropsychological impairments punctuate the early neurological involvement among HIV-1 infected patients. Three groups of patients, twenty in each were selected. The first group consisted of seronegative local controls, the second being a group of asymptomatic seropositive patients and the third a group of seropositive symptomatic individuals. All these three groups were tested using standard neuropsychological tests. Results indicate that a broad spectrum of impairments occur in the seropositive patients and that the impairments of various functions occur at different phases of the illness. The importance of these findings in prediction of early neurological disturbance is highlighted and their significance in the total management and rehabilitation is discussed.
Keywords: AIDS, neurocognitive impairments, early detection, cerebral reserve
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (286.0 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Angrist B., d'Hollosy M., Sanfilipo M., Satriano J., Diamond G., Simberkoff M., Weinreb H. Central nervous system stimulants as symptomatic treatments for AIDS-related neuropsychiatric impairment. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992 Aug;12(4):268–272. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Atkinson J. H., Grant I. Natural history of neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV disease. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1994 Mar;17(1):17–33. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hall M., Whaley R., Robertson K., Hamby S., Wilkins J., Hall C. The correlation between neuropsychological and neuroanatomic changes over time in asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV-1-infected individuals. Neurology. 1996 Jun;46(6):1697–1702. doi: 10.1212/wnl.46.6.1697. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lunn S., Skydsbjerg M., Schulsinger H., Parnas J., Pedersen C., Mathiesen L. A preliminary report on the neuropsychologic sequelae of human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991 Feb;48(2):139–142. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810260047007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maj M., Satz P., Janssen R., Zaudig M., Starace F., D'Elia L., Sughondhabirom B., Mussa M., Naber D., Ndetei D. WHO Neuropsychiatric AIDS study, cross-sectional phase II. Neuropsychological and neurological findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994 Jan;51(1):51–61. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010051007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miller E. N., Satz P., Visscher B. Computerized and conventional neuropsychological assessment of HIV-1-infected homosexual men. Neurology. 1991 Oct;41(10):1608–1616. doi: 10.1212/wnl.41.10.1608. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pajeau A. K., Román G. C. HIV encephalopathy and dementia. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1992 Jun;15(2):455–466. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Portegies P., Enting R. H., de Gans J., Algra P. R., Derix M. M., Lange J. M., Goudsmit J. Presentation and course of AIDS dementia complex: 10 years of follow-up in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. AIDS. 1993 May;7(5):669–675. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Reinvang I., Frøland S. S., Skripeland V. Prevalence of neuropsychological deficit in HIV infection. Incipient signs of AIDS dementia complex in patients with AIDS. Acta Neurol Scand. 1991 May;83(5):289–293. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04703.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Selnes O. A., McArthur J. C., Royal W., 3rd, Updike M. L., Nance-Sproson T., Concha M., Gordon B., Solomon L., Vlahov D. HIV-1 infection and intravenous drug use: longitudinal neuropsychological evaluation of asymptomatic subjects. Neurology. 1992 Oct;42(10):1924–1930. doi: 10.1212/wnl.42.10.1924. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stern R. A., Silva S. G., Chaisson N., Evans D. L. Influence of cognitive reserve on neuropsychological functioning in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. Arch Neurol. 1996 Feb;53(2):148–153. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1996.00550020052015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stern Y. Neuropsychological evaluation of the HIV patient. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1994 Mar;17(1):125–134. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wiley C. A. Pathology of neurologic disease in AIDS. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 1994 Mar;17(1):1–15. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]