Table 2.

Neighborhood-level exposures and related covariates in the CARDIA Study by neighborhood level of urbanicity, at baseline 1985–86.

Mean ± SD	Urbanicity
Mean ± SD	Low	Middle	High
Main Exposures: 1 km radius buffer level
Street Connectivity
Intersection density, 3+ intersections/km²	37.6 ±14.7^*	53.7 ±11.2^*	57.2 ±12.3^*
Link-node ratio	1.6 ±0.2^*	1.8 ±0.2^*	1.9 ±0.1^*
Local roads
Local road density (km in 1 km buffer)	28.6 ±8.3^*	37.7 ±5.8^*	38.9 ±6.3^*
Proportion of local relative to total roads (%)	80.3% ±11.0%^*	78.2% ±8.7%^*	77.7% ±7.4%^*
Covariates: Census Tract-level
Population density (per km²)	1,087 ±405^*	2,893 ±671^*	7,348 ±3,320^*
Proportion of residents walk to work (%)	5.4% ±9.5%^*	6.3% ±7.5%^*	9.8% ±10.4%^*
Median age of houses in years	32.7 ±10.4^*	44.3 ±11.0^*	47.2 ±8.7^*
Proportion of residents of white race (%)	64.9% ±36.1%^*	51.1% ±31.8%	52.6%±33.6%
Inflation-adjusted median household income	23,800 ±14,023^**	23,082 ±9,870	23,641 ±8,278

Kruskal-Wallis rank tests with Bonferroni correction (p<0.5/6=0.0083)

Significantly different from any other two columns

^**

Significantly different between low and high urbanicity.