Table 1.
Differences in Demographic and Violence Variables by Ethnicity
| Total | AA | M | C | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=526 | n=126 | n=205 | n=195 | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Age** | ||||
| 18–19 yrs | 206 (39) | 43 (34) | 91 (44) | 72 (37) |
| 20–21 yrs | 196 (37) | 50 (40) | 83 (40) | 63 (32) |
| 22–24 yrs | 124 (24) | 33 (26) | 31 (15) | 60 (31) |
| Sexual Identity* | ||||
| Gay | 391 (74) | 81 (64) | 151 (74) | 159 (82) |
| Other same-sex identity | 47 (9) | 17 (13) | 16 (8) | 14 (7) |
| Bisexual/straight | 88 (17) | 28 (22) | 38 (19) | 22 (11) |
| Number of Childhood Financial Hardshipsa when Growing Up*** | ||||
| None | 311 (61) | 63 (52) | 107 (54) | 141 (73) |
| 1 | 118 (23) | 29 (24) | 58 (29) | 31 (16) |
| 2 | 62 (12) | 24 (20) | 25 (13) | 13 (7) |
| 3 | 22 (4) | 6 (5) | 8 (4) | 8 (4) |
| Residential Status*** | ||||
| Not living with family | 245 (47) | 61 (48) | 59 (29) | 125 (64) |
| Living with family | 281 (53) | 65 (52) | 146 (71) | 70 (36) |
| School/work | ||||
| In school | 113 (22) | 27 (17) | 46 (24) | 46 (22) |
| In school and employed | 142 (27) | 32 (25) | 62 (30) | 48 (25) |
| Not in school, employed | 201 (38) | 53 (42) | 70 (34) | 78 (40) |
| Not in school and not employed | 70 (13) | 20 (16) | 27 (13) | 23 (12) |
| Illicit Drug Use (previous 3 months)*** | 148 (28) | 22 (18) | 51 (25) | 75 (39) |
| Violence Growing Up | ||||
| Witness to physical violence in the home | 133 (25) | 33 (26) | 54 (26) | 46 (24) |
| Experienced physical violence | 104 (20) | 23 (18) | 45 (22) | 36 (18) |
| Sexual Assault (ever) | 120 (23) | 33 (26) | 42 (20) | 45 (23) |
| Intimate Partner Violence | ||||
| Emotional abuse | 217 (41) | 54 (43) | 74 (36) | 89 (46) |
| Physical abuse | 123 (23) | 26 (21) | 46 (22) | 51 (26) |
| Sexual abuse | 92 (18) | 24 (19) | 35 (17) | 33 (17) |
| Perpetrator of abuse | 65 (12) | 20 (16) | 19 (9) | 26 (13) |
| Homophobia | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) |
| Homophobia growing up* | 2.87 (0.79) | 2.77 (0.79) | 2.97 (0.76) | 2.81 (0.80) |
| Homophobic discrimination that required evasion or identity management | 1.88 (0.72) | 1.98 (0.72) | 1.83 (0.73) | 1.87 (0.69) |
| Extreme harassment Racism | 1.18 (0.33) | 1.19 (0.31) | 1.18 (0.34) | 1.18 (0.33) |
| Sexualized racism*** | 1.64 (0.58) | 1.91 (0.69) | 1.59 (0.47) | 1.52 (0.55) |
| Institutional racism*** | 1.45 (0.61) | 1.81 (0.81) | 1.43 (0.51) | 1.23 (0.41) |
| Physical assault | 1.06 (0.26) | 1.08 (0.26) | 1.07 (0.25) | 1.04 (0.26) |
Note. AA=African Americans M=Latinos of Mexican descent; C=Caucasian/Whites.
a
Three types of childhood financial hardships were assessed: Lived w/family/relative because of financial difficulty; without light or heat; received public assistance (ever).
*
p ≤ .05;
**
p ≤ .01;
***
p ≤ .001