. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Infect Genet Evol. 2010 Jul 16;10(7):1085–1093. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.07.004

Table 3.

Significance values for CLUMP disease association test in five species of wild ducks^a, ^b.

Species	All years p-value	2006 p-value	2007 p-value
American green-winged teal (Anas crecca carolinensis)	0.20	0.25	0.59
American wigeon (Anas americana)	0.23	1.00	0.29
Mallard (Anas platyrynchos)	0.27	0.53	0.089
Northern pintail (Anas acuta)	0.29	0.11	0.47
Northern shoveler (Anas clypeata)	0.09	0.029	0.18
All species	0.16	0.089	0.001

Nucleotide sequences from five species of wild ducks were tested for an association between influenza infection state and Mx haplotype using CLUMP. The data were also evaluated after stratification by sample year. A p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant association.

Overall prevalence of infection by species and year (prevalence, positive/total sampled): 2006, teal (32.5%, 13/40), wigeon (1.2%, 1/81), mallard (10.5%, 62/592), pintail (9.1%, 28/307), shoveler (18.2%, 4/22); 2007, teal (7.5%, 10/133), wigeon (3.5%, 6/241), mallard (9.6%, 48/499), pintail (2.6%, 25/978), shoveler (25.4%, 30/118).