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Kinetics of endomysium antibodies (EMA) and nuclear fluorescence reactivity (NFR) antibody production in the organ culture system. Duodenal IgA1 EMA and IgA2 NFR antibody results, obtained during in vitro gliadin challenge of biopsy samples from treated CD patients, are plotted in the graph. In detail, NFR antibodies are produced/secreted by all biopsy samples after 6 h, whereas EMA appear in supernatants later than 12 h from starting the biopsy culture.
