Fig. 4.

Effects of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α on programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. Human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) were stimulated with the indicated concentrations of IFN-γ (a) and TNF-α (c) for 24 h, and PD-L1 expression was analysed. Time–course of IFN-γ (b) and TNF-α (d) induced PD-L1 mRNA-expression. At the indicated time intervals after stimulation RNA was isolated and PD-L1 mRNA expression was quantified in relation to β-actin expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data represent means ± standard deviation from three separate experiments.