Table 1.

Results of Meta-analyses of Differences in NSS Total Scores and Subscale Scores Between Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Controls

	Number of Studies	Number of Schizophrenic Patients	Number of Healthy Controls	Std Diff	SE (95% CI)	Q Value	Fail-Safe N
Contrasting NSS total score	33	2345	1984	1.591	0.109 (1.377, 1.805)	277.093*	341
NSS measured by NES or modified NES	22	1382	1229	1.554	0.137 (1.285, 1.822)	170.285*	219
NSS measured by CNI	5	688	553	1.404	0.275 (0.866, 1.943)	65.172*	47
First-episode schizophrenia only	9	646	717	1.526	0.238 (1.060, 1.992)	97.806*	74
Chronic/mixed	24	1699	1267	1.613	0.120 (1.378, 1.848)	160.826*	272
Contrasting NSS-MC score	24	1926	1510	0.977	0.094 (0.793, 1.161)	128.686*	175
NSS measured by NES or modified NES	14	990	742	0.878	0.088 (0.705, 1.051)	31.253	93
NSS measured by CNI	8	871	728	1.110	0.211 (0.697, 1.523)	93.596*	64
First-episode schizophrenia only	7	661	610	0.968	0.140 (0.693, 1.242)	26.016*	51
Chronic/mixed	17	1265	900	0.979	0.126 (0.731, 1.226)	102.661*	125
Contrasting NSS-SI score	23	1839	1456	0.823	0.087 (0.652, 0.994)	104.487*	106
NSS measured by NES or modified NES	15	1022	774	0.872	0.122 (0.633, 1.111)	68.838*	65
NSS measured by CNI	7	778	660	0.739	0.140 (0.464, 1.014)	33.144*	34
First-episode schizophrenia only	7	600	574	0.754	0.170 (0.421, 1.086)	35.659*	22
Chronic/mixed	16	1239	882	0.854	0.100 (0.659, 1.049)	58.989*	88
Contrasting NSS-MSeq (NES) score	15	1001	721	0.795	0.127 (0.546, 1.044)	71.407*	62
First-episode schizophrenia only	6	482	414	0.677	0.204 (0.276, 1.078)	31.001*	16
Chronic/mixed	9	519	307	0.874	0.156 (0.569, 1.179)	30.220*	54
Contrasting NSS-disinhib (CNI) score	8	909	711	0.970	0.180 (0.617, 1.322)	69.388*	56

Note: NSS = neurological soft signs; Std Diff = standard difference in means; NES = Neurological Evaluation Scale; CNI = Cambridge Neurological Inventory; MC = motor coordination; SI = sensory integration; MSeq = complex motor sequencing; disinhib = disinhibition.

^*Q value heterogeneous, P < .05.