Table 1.
Number of Studies | Number of Schizophrenic Patients | Number of Healthy Controls | Std Diff | SE (95% CI) | Q Value | Fail-Safe N | |
Contrasting NSS total score | 33 | 2345 | 1984 | 1.591 | 0.109 (1.377, 1.805) | 277.093* | 341 |
NSS measured by NES or modified NES | 22 | 1382 | 1229 | 1.554 | 0.137 (1.285, 1.822) | 170.285* | 219 |
NSS measured by CNI | 5 | 688 | 553 | 1.404 | 0.275 (0.866, 1.943) | 65.172* | 47 |
First-episode schizophrenia only | 9 | 646 | 717 | 1.526 | 0.238 (1.060, 1.992) | 97.806* | 74 |
Chronic/mixed | 24 | 1699 | 1267 | 1.613 | 0.120 (1.378, 1.848) | 160.826* | 272 |
Contrasting NSS-MC score | 24 | 1926 | 1510 | 0.977 | 0.094 (0.793, 1.161) | 128.686* | 175 |
NSS measured by NES or modified NES | 14 | 990 | 742 | 0.878 | 0.088 (0.705, 1.051) | 31.253 | 93 |
NSS measured by CNI | 8 | 871 | 728 | 1.110 | 0.211 (0.697, 1.523) | 93.596* | 64 |
First-episode schizophrenia only | 7 | 661 | 610 | 0.968 | 0.140 (0.693, 1.242) | 26.016* | 51 |
Chronic/mixed | 17 | 1265 | 900 | 0.979 | 0.126 (0.731, 1.226) | 102.661* | 125 |
Contrasting NSS-SI score | 23 | 1839 | 1456 | 0.823 | 0.087 (0.652, 0.994) | 104.487* | 106 |
NSS measured by NES or modified NES | 15 | 1022 | 774 | 0.872 | 0.122 (0.633, 1.111) | 68.838* | 65 |
NSS measured by CNI | 7 | 778 | 660 | 0.739 | 0.140 (0.464, 1.014) | 33.144* | 34 |
First-episode schizophrenia only | 7 | 600 | 574 | 0.754 | 0.170 (0.421, 1.086) | 35.659* | 22 |
Chronic/mixed | 16 | 1239 | 882 | 0.854 | 0.100 (0.659, 1.049) | 58.989* | 88 |
Contrasting NSS-MSeq (NES) score | 15 | 1001 | 721 | 0.795 | 0.127 (0.546, 1.044) | 71.407* | 62 |
First-episode schizophrenia only | 6 | 482 | 414 | 0.677 | 0.204 (0.276, 1.078) | 31.001* | 16 |
Chronic/mixed | 9 | 519 | 307 | 0.874 | 0.156 (0.569, 1.179) | 30.220* | 54 |
Contrasting NSS-disinhib (CNI) score | 8 | 909 | 711 | 0.970 | 0.180 (0.617, 1.322) | 69.388* | 56 |
Note: NSS = neurological soft signs; Std Diff = standard difference in means; NES = Neurological Evaluation Scale; CNI = Cambridge Neurological Inventory; MC = motor coordination; SI = sensory integration; MSeq = complex motor sequencing; disinhib = disinhibition.
Q value heterogeneous, P < .05.