XBP1 is essential for adipocyte differentiation. (A) Q-PCR analysis showing total Xbp1mRNA levels in 3T3-L1 CONi and XBP1i #4 during differentiation. Data normalized to d0 time-point of 3T3-L1 CONi cells. Data are means ± s.e.m. *, P<0.05 using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test comparing CONi to XBP1i at the same time-point. (B) Immunoblots showing the levels of XBP1s and key adipogenic markers (C/EBPβ , C/EBPα , and PPARγ ) during adipogenesis. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with 300 nM Tg for 4 h was loaded as a control. XBP1u (30kD) protein was not detectable. HSP90 and CREB, loading controls. (C) Top, Immunoblots of XBP1s protein in wildtype MEFs stably expressing CONi, XBP1i #4, #5 or both treated with 300 nM Tg for 4 h. CREB, a loading control. Bottom, Macroscopic pictures of Oil Red-O staining of 3T3-L1 cells expressing CONi, XBP1i #4 and #5 differentiated for 8 days (d8). (D) Left, macroscopic pictures of Oil Red-O staining of wildtype (WT) and XBP1−/− MEFs differentiated for 24 days (d24). Right, immunoblots of XBP1s protein in MEFs treated with 300 nM Tg for 4 h