Table 1.
ArsA homologues used to generate the phylogenetic tree. From left to right, the proteins are characterized according to cluster and abbreviation, organismal source, protein size, organismal type, and gi number. Within each cluster, proteins are presented according to position going clockwise around the tree.
| Cluster and protein abbreviations | Organismal source | Protein size (no. of aas) | Organismal type | GI no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster 1 | ||||
| Sep1 | Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A | 565 | Firmicutes | 57865830 |
| Esp2 | Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b | 585 | Firmicutes | 187604364 |
| Lsp2 | Lysinibacillus sphaericus C3-41 | 586 | Firmicutes | 169828142 |
| Lpl1 | Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 | 576 | Firmicutes | 54307196 |
| Sdy1 | Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis | 580 | Firmicutes | 157419736 |
| Lla1 | Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 | 571 | Firmicutes | 125624073 |
| Hin1 | Haemophilus influenzae PittHH | 597 | γ | 145636206 |
| Ahy1 | Anaerococcus hydrogenalis DSM 7454 | 580 | Firmicutes | 212696774 |
| Bth1 | Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 | 570 | Bacteroidetes | 29345526 |
| Bco1 | Bacillus coagulans 36D1 | 590 | Firmicutes | 124520553 |
| Swo1 | Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei str. Goettingen | 583 | Firmicutes | 114566470 |
| Cte6 | Clostridium tetani E88 | 589 | Firmicutes | 28211528 |
| Cph2 | Clostridium phytofermentans ISDg | 582 | Firmicutes | 160880289 |
| Dha1 | Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 | 598 | Firmicutes | 89897344 |
| Aor1 | Alkaliphilus oremlandii OhILAs | 582 | Firmicutes | 158320145 |
| Cbe1 | Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 | 582 | Firmicutes | 150016979 |
| Bse1 | Bacillus selenitireducens MLS10 | 587 | Firmicutes | 163763208 |
| Bce2 | Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 | 586 | Firmicutes | 44004495 |
| Bsp2 | Bacillus sp. SG-1 | 594 | Firmicutes | 149180106 |
| Gur1 | Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4 | 583 | δ | 148263449 |
| Bph1 | Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN | 584 | β | 187925677 |
| Mma1 | Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1 | 574 | α | 46201533 |
| Rru1 | Rhodospirillum rubrum ATCC 11170 | 571 | α | 83592783 |
| Bvi1 | Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4 | 587 | β | 134293367 |
| Asp4 | Azoarcus sp. BH72 | 582 | β | 119898647 |
| Rba1 | Rhodopirellula baltica SH 1 | 593 | Planctomycetes | 32475953 |
| Aeh2 | Alkalilimnicola ehrlichei MLHE-1 | 571 | γ | 114321857 |
| Orf3 | delta proteobacterium MLMS-1 | 592 | δ | 94266138 |
| Vba1 | Verrucomicrobiae bacterium DG1235 | 584 | Verrucomicrobia | 198257295 |
| Vha1 | Vibrio harveyi ATCC BAA-1116 | 582 | γ | 156973785 |
| Sty1 | Salmonella typhimurium | 585 | γ | 32470159 |
| Ahy2 | Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila ATCC 7966 | 599 | γ | 117618702 |
| Ppr1 | Photobacterium profundum SS9 | 590 | γ | 54308735 |
| Psp1 | Psychromonas sp. CNPT3 | 602 | γ | 90408036 |
| Cfe1 | Chlorobium ferrooxidans DSM 13031 | 591 | Chlorobi | 110598505 |
| Psp2 | Pseudomonas sp. TS44 | 585 | γ | 170026534 |
| Rfe1 | Rhodoferax ferrireducens T118 | 589 | β | 89902424 |
| Dar1 | Dechloromonas aromatica RCB | 590 | β | 71908250 |
| Afa1 | Alcaligenes faecalis | 591 | β | 42741719 |
| Pae1 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 588 | γ | 187939925 |
| Sen1 | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Saintpaul str. SARA29 | 586 | γ | 167553198 |
| Aar1 | Aromatoleum aromaticum EbN1 | 592 | β | 56478279 |
| Aca1 | Acidithiobacillus caldus | 612 | γ | 60686969 |
| Otr1 | Ochrobactrum tritici | 582 | α | 94483089 |
| Pst2 | Providencia stuartii ATCC 25827 | 594 | γ | 188026271 |
| Ssp2 | Shewanella sp. ANA-3 | 588 | γ | 117920786 |
| Yin1 | Yersinia intermedia ATCC 29909 | 586 | γ | 77979455 |
| Asp1 | Arthrobacter sp. FB24 | 621 | Actinobacteria | 116668777 |
| Mgi1 | Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK | 589 | Actinobacteria | 145222246 |
| Rer1 | Rhodococcus erythropolis | 585 | Actinobacteria | 33867198 |
| Rle1 | Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 3841 | 588 | α | 116254241 |
| Pna1 | Polaromonas naphthalenivorans CJ2 | 600 | β | 121606619 |
| Asp2 | Acidovorax sp. JS42 | 586 | β | 121594853 |
| Hla2 | Halorubrum lacusprofundi ATCC 49239 | 640 | Euryarchaeota | 153896608 |
| Hsp4 | Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 | 644 | Euryarchaeota | 10803670 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 2 | ||||
| Mka1 | Methanopyrus kandleri AV19 | 333 | Euryarchaeota | 20095116 |
| Mst1 | Methanosphaera stadtmanae DSM 3091 | 328 | Euryarchaeota | 84488998 |
| Msm1 | Methanobrevibacter smithii ATCC 35061 | 340 | Euryarchaeota | 148643230 |
| Mth1 | Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta H | 324 | Euryarchaeota | 15679508 |
| Mja1 | Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM 2661 | 349 | Euryarchaeota | 15669329 |
| Mma2 | Methanococcus maripaludis S2 | 345 | Euryarchaeota | 45357726 |
| Mae2 | Methanococcus aeolicus Nankai-3 | 341 | Euryarchaeota | 150401428 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 3 | ||||
| Tva1 | Trichomonas vaginalis G3 | 297 | Trichomonada | 123416597 |
| Tva2 | Trichomonas vaginalis G3 | 292 | Trichomonada | 123451254 |
| Yli1 | Yarrowia lipolytica CLIB122 | 327 | Fungi | 50554649 |
| Gze1 | Gibberella zeae PH-1 | 341 | Fungi | 46136751 |
| Ani1 | Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4 | 340 | Fungi | 67524903 |
| Spo1 | Schizosaccharomyces pombe | 329 | Fungi | 19115182 |
| Rgl1 | Rhodotorula glutinis | 339 | Fungi | 183396512 |
| Uma1 | Ustilago maydis 521 | 332 | Fungi | 71019509 |
| Cci1 | Coprinopsis cinerea okayama7#130 | 326 | Fungi | 169843560 |
| Cne1 | Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans JEC21 | 325 | Fungi | 58260906 |
| Cal1 | Candida albicans SC5314 | 350 | Fungi | 68468811 |
| Sce1 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 354 | Fungi | 51013779 |
| Tad1 | Trichoplax adhaerens | 339 | Metazoa | 196008131 |
| Ppa2 | Physcomitrella patens subsp. patens | 365 | Viridiplantae | 168012492 |
| Obr1 | Oryza brachyantha | 364 | Viridiplantae | 110430665 |
| Ath2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 345 | Viridiplantae | 8570442 |
| Psi1 | Picea sitchensis | 374 | Viridiplantae | 116784166 |
| Ddi1 | Dictyostelium discoideum AX4 | 329 | Amoebozoa | 66800287 |
| Api1 | Acyrthosiphon pisum | 339 | Metazoa | 193582608 |
| Dre1 | Danio rerio | 341 | Metazoa | 50539666 |
| Nve1 | Nematostella vectensis | 334 | Metazoa | 156398556 |
| Spu1 | Strongylocentrotus purpuratus | 346 | Metazoa | 72050675 |
| Dan1 | Drosophila ananassae | 336 | Metazoa | 194755601 |
| Nvi1 | Nasonia vitripennis | 344 | Metazoa | 156537421 |
| Aae3 | Aedes aegypti | 341 | Metazoa | 157128460 |
| Tca1 | Tribolium castaneum | 330 | Metazoa | 91081505 |
| Cel1 | Caenorhabditis elegans | 342 | Metazoa | 17557003 |
| Bma1 | Brugia malayi | 344 | Metazoa | 170590260 |
| Pte1 | Paramecium tetraurelia strain d4-2 | 325 | Oligohymenophorea | 145545770 |
| Tth1 | Tetrahymena thermophila SB210 | 349 | Oligohymenophorea | 118401519 |
| Tcr1 | Trypanosoma cruzi strain CL Brener | 359 | Trypanosomatidae | 71401129 |
| Lma1 | Leishmania major strain Friedlin | 409 | Trypanosomatidae | 157865666 |
| Tpa1 | Theileria parva strain Muguga | 361 | Apicomplexa | 71027033 |
| Bbo1 | Babesia bovis T2Bo | 358 | Apicomplexa | 156082722 |
| Pbe1 | Plasmodium berghei str. ANKA | 379 | Apicomplexa | 68071753 |
| Cmu1 | Cryptosporidium muris RN66 | 390 | Apicomplexa | 209879305 |
| Cpa1 | Cryptosporidium parvum Iowa II | 366 | Apicomplexa | 126654216 |
| Ehi1 | Entamoeba histolytica HM-1:IMSS | 327 | Amoebozoa | 67466277 |
| Gla1 | Giardia lamblia ATCC 50803 | 354 | Hexamitidae | 159119999 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 4 | ||||
| Gur2 | Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4 | 637 | δ | 148264869 |
| Ssp1 | Synechococcus sp. JA-3-3Ab | 684 | Cyanobacteria | 86605793 |
| Mae1 | Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 | 633 | Cyanobacteria | 159025965 |
| Nsp2 | Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 | 635 | Cyanobacteria | 17229736 |
| Nsp3 | Nodularia spumigena CCY 9414 | 617 | Cyanobacteria | 119512417 |
| Ama1 | Arthrospira maxima CS-328 | 637 | Cyanobacteria | 209527482 |
| Ter2 | Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 | 626 | Cyanobacteria | 113475961 |
| Npu1 | Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 | 623 | Cyanobacteria | 186682498 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 5 | ||||
| Zma2 | Zea mays | 374 | Viridiplantae | 195625344 |
| Ath3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 391 | Viridiplantae | 30697424 |
| Vvi1 | Vitis vinifera | 422 | Viridiplantae | 147852937 |
| Ppa1 | Physcomitrella patens subsp. patens | 359 | Viridiplantae | 168024699 |
| Zma1 | Zea mays | 394 | Viridiplantae | 195645964 |
| Ath1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | 411 | Viridiplantae | 30681260 |
| Vvi2 | Vitis vinifera | 409 | Viridiplantae | 157343988 |
| Ptr1 | Populus trichocarpa | 407 | Viridiplantae | 118487322 |
| Cre1 | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 513 | Viridiplantae | 159488560 |
| Olu1 | Ostreococcus lucimarinus CCE9901 | 330 | Viridiplantae | 145350244 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 6 | ||||
| Aba1 | Acidobacteria bacterium Ellin345 | 634 | Acidobacteria | 94969437 |
| Mxa1 | Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622 | 655 | δ | 108758691 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 7 | ||||
| Hwa1 | Haloquadratum walsbyi DSM 16790 | 312 | Euryarchaeota | 110668350 |
| Orf2 | uncultured prokaryote 2E01B | 314 | none | 85372676 |
| Nph1 | Natronomonas pharaonis DSM 2160 | 317 | Euryarchaeota | 76801342 |
| Nph2 | Natronomonas pharaonis DSM 2160 | 370 | Euryarchaeota | 76801234 |
| Hsp2 | Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 | 347 | Euryarchaeota | 15789625 |
| Hla3 | Halorubrum lacusprofundi ATCC 49239 | 392 | Euryarchaeota | 153895127 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 8 | ||||
| Cth5 | Chloroherpeton thalassium ATCC 35110 | 405 | Chlorobi | 193215201 |
| Cau4 | Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl | 399 | Chloroflexi | 163845724 |
| Cte1 | Chlorobium tepidum TLS | 395 | Chlorobi | 21673808 |
| Cth2 | Chloroherpeton thalassium ATCC 35110 | 405 | Chlorobi | 193214297 |
| Pae2 | Prosthecochloris aestuarii DSM 271 | 404 | Chlorobi | 194332962 |
| Cte3 | Chlorobium tepidum TLS | 398 | Chlorobi | 21672957 |
| Plu2 | Pelodictyon luteolum DSM 273 | 406 | Chlorobi | 78185960 |
| Cte2 | Chlorobium tepidum TLS | 405 | Chlorobi | 21674757 |
| Cth4 | Chloroherpeton thalassium ATCC 35110 | 402 | Chlorobi | 193214011 |
| Cau1 | Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl | 390 | Chloroflexi | 163846065 |
| Dau1 | Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator MP104C | 397 | Firmicutes | 169830523 |
| Ame1 | Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF | 391 | Firmicutes | 150389286 |
| Bce1 | Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987 | 392 | Firmicutes | 42779427 |
| Rxy1 | Rubrobacter xylanophilus DSM 9941 | 394 | Actinobacteria | 108804153 |
| Pae3 | Prosthecochloris aestuarii DSM 271 | 395 | Chlorobi | 194333066 |
| Cte4 | Chlorobium tepidum TLS | 394 | Chlorobi | 21674880 |
| Cli1 | Chlorobium limicola DSM 245 | 395 | Chlorobi | 189347837 |
| Sel1 | Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 | 392 | Cyanobacteria | 81300068 |
| Gvi1 | Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 | 394 | Cyanobacteria | 37520959 |
| Adi1 | Angiococcus disciformis | 405 | δ | 53747901 |
| Hsp1 | Hydrogenobaculum sp. Y04AAS1 | 397 | Aquificae | 195953882 |
| Aae2 | Aquifex aeolicus VF5 | 396 | Aquificae | 15606091 |
| Hsp5 | Hydrogenivirga sp. 128-5-R1-1 | 393 | Aquificae | 163783049 |
| Sus1 | Solibacter usitatus Ellin6076 | 395 | Acidobacteria | 116624985 |
| Dal1 | Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01 | 397 | δ | 163725491 |
| Hau1 | Herpetosiphon aurantiacus ATCC 23779 | 391 | Chloroflexi | 159900394 |
| Rsp1 | Roseiflexus sp. RS-1 | 396 | Chloroflexi | 148655082 |
| Cau3 | Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl | 401 | Chloroflexi | 163848482 |
| Cth3 | Chloroherpeton thalassium ATCC 35110 | 383 | Chlorobi | 193214006 |
| Cte7 | Chlorobium tepidum TLS | 384 | Chlorobi | 21674751 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 9 | ||||
| Mma4 | Microscilla marina ATCC 23134 | 390 | Bacteroidetes | 124004922 |
| Pto1 | Picrophilus torridus DSM 9790 | 386 | Euryarchaeota | 48478270 |
| Tac1 | Thermoplasma acidophilum DSM 1728 | 387 | Euryarchaeota | 16081559 |
| Cph3 | Clostridium phytofermentans ISDg | 385 | Firmicutes | 160879841 |
| Fnu2 | Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 | 388 | Fusobacteria | 19704869 |
| Cph1 | Clostridium phytofermentans ISDg | 393 | Firmicutes | 160879840 |
| Fnu1 | Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 | 396 | Fusobacteria | 19704870 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 10 | ||||
| Nsp1 | Nocardioides sp. JS614 | 410 | Actinobacteria | 119717335 |
| Jsp1 | Janibacter sp. HTCC2649 | 421 | Actinobacteria | 84496160 |
| Ser1 | Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338 | 400 | Actinobacteria | 134098280 |
| Nfa1 | Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152 | 436 | Actinobacteria | 54023683 |
| Mab1 | Mycobacterium abscessus | 423 | Actinobacteria | 169629069 |
| Mle1 | Mycobacterium leprae TN | 415 | Actinobacteria | 15827412 |
| Msp1 | Mycobacterium sp. MCS | 421 | Actinobacteria | 108800245 |
| Msm2 | Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155 | 425 | Actinobacteria | 118471162 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 11 | ||||
| Cth1 | Chloroherpeton thalassium ATCC 35110 | 434 | Chlorobi | 193214353 |
| Cte5 | Chlorobium tepidum TLS | 436 | Chlorobi | 21673187 |
| Cau2 | Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl | 407 | Chloroflexi | 163845728 |
| Cth6 | Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum | 420 | Acidobacteria | 157273534 |
| Cluster 12 | ||||
| Ter1 | Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 | 364 | Cyanobacteria | 113474690 |
| Bba1 | Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 | 357 | δ | 42525090 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 13 | ||||
| Mmy1 | Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC str. GM12 | 304 | Tenericutes | 188159217 |
| Esp1 | Exiguobacterium sp. AT1b | 279 | Firmicutes | 187605346 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 14 | ||||
| Iho1 | Ignicoccus hospitalis KIN4/I | 309 | Crenarchaeota | 156938113 |
| Sma1 | Staphylothermus marinus F1 | 329 | Crenarchaeota | 126465059 |
| Tba1 | Thermococcus barophilus MP | 330 | Euryarchaeota | 197627410 |
| Tko1 | Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1 | 331 | Euryarchaeota | 57640929 |
| Pab1 | Pyrococcus abyssi GE5 | 330 | Euryarchaeota | 14521447 |
| Ton1 | Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 | 330 | Euryarchaeota | 212224056 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 15 | ||||
| Par1 | Pyrobaculum arsenaticum DSM 13514 | 334 | Crenarchaeota | 145591126 |
| Sth2 | Symbiobacterium thermophilum IAM 14863 | 339 | Firmicutes | 51891819 |
| Par2 | Pyrobaculum arsenaticum DSM 13514 | 327 | Crenarchaeota | 145591125 |
| Sth1 | Symbiobacterium thermophilum IAM 14863 | 345 | Firmicutes | 51891818 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 16 | ||||
| Wsu1 | Wolinella succinogenes DSM 1740 | 313 | ε | 34557874 |
| Aae1 | Aquifex aeolicus VF5 | 299 | Aquificae | 15605857 |
| Hsp3 | Hydrogenivirga sp. 128-5-R1-1 | 306 | Aquificae | 163782204 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 17 | ||||
| Csa1 | Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043 | 313 | γ | 92114127 |
| Bsp1 | Bacillus sp. NRRL B-14911 | 328 | Firmicutes | 89098562 |
| Bha1 | Bacillus halodurans C-125 | 313 | Firmicutes | 15614358 |
| Oih1 | Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831 | 307 | Firmicutes | 23098830 |
| Hha1 | Halorhodospira halophila SL1 | 311 | γ | 121998972 |
| Aeh1 | Alkalilimnicola ehrlichei MLHE-1 | 318 | γ | 114319474 |
| Tfu1 | Thermobifida fusca YX | 301 | Actinobacteria | 72161795 |
| Nmo1 | Nitrococcus mobilis Nb-231 | 311 | γ | 88811608 |
| Nph3 | Natronomonas pharaonis DSM 2160 | 318 | Euryarchaeota | 76801557 |
| Hwa2 | Haloquadratum walsbyi DSM 16790 | 327 | Euryarchaeota | 110667012 |
| Hla1 | Halorubrum lacusprofundi ATCC 49239 | 341 | Euryarchaeota | 153896540 |
| Hma1 | Haloarcula marismortui ATCC 43049 | 426 | Euryarchaeota | 55379238 |
|
| ||||
| Cluster 18 | ||||
| Par3 | Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4 | 339 | γ | 71065679 |
| Psp3 | Psychrobacter sp. PRwf-1 | 331 | γ | 148653012 |
| Asp3 | Alcanivorax sp. DG881 | 347 | γ | 196196123 |
| Ilo1 | Idiomarina loihiensis L2TR | 336 | γ | 56459808 |
| Iba1 | Idiomarina baltica OS145 | 338 | γ | 85712073 |
| Pst1 | Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 | 335 | γ | 146280770 |
| Bli1 | Brevibacterium linens BL2 | 327 | Actinobacteria | 62424272 |