Table 4.
A generalized characterization of immobilization methods.
| Parameter | Immobilization method | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier binding | CLEAs, CLECs | Entrapment | |||
| Covalent | Ionic | Adsorption | |||
| Activity | High | High | Low | Intermediate/High | High |
| Range of application | Low | Intermediate | Intermediate | Low | Intermediate/High |
| Immobilization efficiency | Low | Intermediate | High | Intermediate | Intermediate |
| Cost | Low | Low | High | Intermediate | Low |
| Preparation | Easy | Easy | Difficult | Intermediate | Intermediate/Difficult |
| Substrate specificity | Cannot be changed | Cannot be changed | Can be changed | Cannot be changed | Can be changed |
| Regeneration | Possible | Possible | Impossible | Impossible | Impossible |