Table 1.

Subect demographics

	Young Adults (n = 12)	Middle-Aged Adults (n = 17)	Older Adults (n = 14)	Type 2 DM Adults (n = 29)
Age,a yr	26 ± 3	41 ± 3	50 ± 4	54 ± 8
Sex, %female	42	59	71	63
Body mass index,b kg/m2	24 ± 4	29 ± 6	28 ± 4	35 + 8
Waist circumference,c cm	79 ± 11	96 ± 17	95 ± 10	113 + 18
Blood pressure, mmHg
Systolicd	115 ± 8	118 ± 18	130 ± 21	133 ± 20
Diastolice	55 ± 9	71 ± 11	78 ± 14	74 ± 10
Resting heart rate,f beats/min	54 ± 7	64 ± 11	65 ± 10	71 ± 12
Cholesterol, mg/dl
Totalg		172 ± 25	205 ± 50	179 ± 32
LDLh		102 ± 22	128 ± 37	100 ± 30
HDL		52 ± 15	60 ± 19	50 ± 13
Triglycerides,i mg/dl		97 ± 39	86 ± 34	147 ± 67

Values are means ± SD. Lipid profile data were not available for the young adult group. DM, diabetes mellitus.

^aP <0.001 overall; P < 0.05, young and middle-aged vs. older and type 2 DM adults.

^bP < 0.001 overall; P < 0.05, young vs. type 2 DM adults.

^cP < 0.001 overall; P < 0.05, young and middle-aged vs. type 2 DM adults.

^dP = 0.006 overall; P < 0.05, young and middle-aged vs. type 2 DM adults.

^eP < 0.001 overall; P < 0.05, young adults vs. all other groups.

^fP < 0.001 overall; P < 0.05, young vs. older and DM adults.

^gP = 0.034 overall; P < 0.05, middle-aged vs. older adults.

^hP = 0.02 overall; P < 0.05, older vs. middle-aged and DM adults.

ⁱP = 0.001 overall; P < 0.05, older and middle-aged vs. DM adults.