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. 2010 Aug 11;285(43):32937–32945. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.144014

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© 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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FIGURE 3. — Polymeric DAP-type PG induces melanin and AMP synthesis. One hundred nanograms of Lys-type PG (A), polymeric DAP-type PG (B), or lysozyme-treated DAP-type PG (C) was injected into ten Tenebrio larvae, respectively. Four μl of insect saline was injected as a control (D). Within 18 h, the appearance of melanin pigment was examined. Antibacterial activities after injection of PGs (50 ng) are shown against S. aureus (E) and E. coli (F), respectively. Columns 1 and 5, columns 2 and 6, columns 3 and 7, and columns 4 and 8 are injected with insect saline (4 μl), Lys-type PG (50 ng), polymeric DAP-type PG (50 ng), and lysozyme-treated DAP-type PG (50 ng), respectively. After 12 h, hemolymph was collected from each group, and the bactericidal effects were estimated against S. aureus and E. coli.