Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics by time period: Gila River Indian Community, 1975–2004
| 1975–1977 | 1978–1980 | 1981–1983 | 1984–1986 | 1987–1989 | 1990–1992 | 1993–1995 | 1996–1998 | 1999–2001 | 2002–2004 | P trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 459 | 452 | 462 | 492 | 480 | 632 | 623 | 464 | 575 | 775 | — |
| % of clinic attendees with diabetes | 35 | 32 | 31 | 33 | 32 | 35 | 34 | 30 | 33 | 34 | — |
| Clinical diagnosis (%) | 64 | 53 | 50 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 47 | 46 | 48 | 50 | — |
| Male sex (%) | 34 | 37 | 35 | 33 | 33 | 36 | 34 | 32 | 33 | 37 | 0.98 |
| Age (years) | 51.6 (14.1) | 50.0 (13.8) | 50.6 (14.3) | 49.7 (13.5) | 49.5 (13.2) | 50.4 (12.6) | 51.2 (13.1) | 46.3 (13.1) | 45.8 (13.0) | 45.1 (13.0) | <0.0001* |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 9.5 (6.1) | 9.8 (6.2) | 10.9 (6.7) | 11.5 (6.9) | 12.4 (7.4) | 12.7 (8.1) | 13.0 (8.7) | 11.0 (8.2) | 11.0 (8.3) | 11.4 (8.5) | <0.0001† |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 42.0 (12.7) | 40.2 (12.3) | 39.7 (12.5) | 38.1 (11.7) | 37.0 (11.6) | 37.7 (11.3) | 38.2 (11.4) | 35.3 (11.0) | 34.8 (11.0) | 33.6 (11.4) | <0.0001† |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6 (6.5) | 30.7 (6.2) | 30.8 (6.5) | 32.1 (6.9) | 32.4 (7.0) | 32.8 (7.2) | 33.3 (7.8) | 34.9 (8.5) | 36.0 (8.6) | 36.3 (9.1) | <0.0001‡ |
Except for the second row, all results pertain only to persons with diagnosed diabetes. Data are means ± SD in parentheses or frequency (%). Clinical diagnosis refers to a diagnosis of diabetes made during routine clinical care rather than at a research examination (i.e., those without a clinical diagnosis had the diagnosis made at a previous research examination). P values computed for time period. For frequencies, P values are from χ2 tests; for continuous variables, P values are computed by regression.
*Adjusted for sex;
†adjusted for age and sex;
‡adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes duration.