Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics at baseline between progressors and nonprogressors by renal status
| Normal renal status |
Significant CKD |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressors n = 263 | Nonprogressors n = 601 | P | Progressors n = 75 | Nonprogressors n = 30 | P | |
| Age (years) | 42 ± 8 | 37 ± 8 | <0.0001 | 41 ± 8 | 35 ± 8 | 0.0005 |
| Male (%) | 64 | 38 | <0.0001 | 62 | 70 | 0.47 |
| Type 1 diabetes (%) | 47 | 40 | 0.03 | 80 | 63 | 0.07 |
| Smoking current (%) | 12 | 7 | 0.03 | 11 | 10 | 0.90 |
| Smoking ever (%) | 22 | 19 | 0.31 | 29 | 20 | 0.31 |
| Hypertension (%) | 24 | 9 | <0.0001 | 47 | 31 | 0.13 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119 ± 13 | 112 ± 11 | <0.0001 | 122 ± 14 | 121 ± 14 | 0.82 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80 ± 9 | 76 ± 7 | <0.0001 | 80 ± 10 | 81 ± 10 | 0.81 |
| Baseline square root CAC volume | 3.5 ± 5.9 | 0.22 ± 1.0 | <0.0001 | 5.5 ± 9.0 | 0.9 ± 2.4 | 0.006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | <0.0001 | 26 ± 4 | 27 ± 4 | 0.82 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||
| Male | 96 ± 11 | 88 ± 10 | <0.0001 | 93 ± 10 | 91 ± 11 | 0.56 |
| Female | 84 ± 13 | 78 ± 11 | <0.0001 | 84 ± 14 | 78 ± 12 | 0.42 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | ||||||
| Male | 0.90 ± 0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.06 | <0.0001 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.88 ± 0.05 | 0.30 |
| Female | 0.78 ± 0.06 | 0.76 ± 0.06 | 0.002 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 0.79 ± 0.07 | 0.97 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | ||||||
| Male | 5.9 (5.2–6.8) | 5.8 (5.2–6.4) | 0.42 | 6.2 (5.4–7.3) | 6.5 (5.6–7.7) | 0.32 |
| Female | 4.8 (4.2–5.4) | 4.5 (4.0–5.1) | 0.01 | 5.3 (4.6–5.8) | 5.0 (4.5–5.9) | 0.52 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 183 ± 36 | 183 ± 36 | 0.27 | 184 ± 35 | 179 ± 41 | 0.76 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | 49 ± 14 | 55 ± 16 | <0.0001 | 53 ± 16 | 49 ± 14 | 0.29 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | 111 ± 32 | 106 ± 32 | 0.03 | 107 ± 30 | 107 ± 31 | 0.88 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 105 (73–149) | 90 (64–121) | <0.0001 | 96 (62–138) | 107 (71–139) | 0.41 |
| A1C (%) | ||||||
| Type 1 diabetes | 7.8 ± 1.1 | 7.7 ± 1.2 | 0.85 | 8.3 ± 1.3 | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 0.20 |
| Control subjects | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 0.03 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.1 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.009 | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 0.18 |
| Cystatin C (mg/l) | 0.78 (0.72–0.84) | 0.76 (0.69–0.82) | 0.007 | 0.95 (0.79–0.96) | 0.92 (0.76–1.03) | 0.84 |
| ACR (mg/g creatinine) | 4.8 (3.2–6.6) | 4.4 (3.2–5.7) | 0.03 | 59.7 (26–179) | 51 (15–276) | 0.69 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARB use (%) | 16 | 8 | 0.001 | 57 | 20 | 0.0005 |
| Thiazide diuretic use (%) | 5 | 2.3 | 0.04 | 18 | 3 | 0.001 |
| Statin use (%) | 17 | 5 | <0.0001 | 25 | 10 | 0.08 |
| Alcohol intake positive (%) | 79 | 77 | 0.86 | 59 | 75 | 0.05 |
| Number of alcohol drinks/month | 21 ± 35 | 15 ± 25 | 0.02 | 11 ± 21 | 11 ± 18 | 0.90 |
| MetS (%) | 18.2 | 8.3 | <0.0001 | 30.6 | 13.3 | 0.06 |
Data are means ± SD, %, or geometric means (interquartile range). Any alcohol intake is defined as 12 or more drinks during their lifetime. Drinks per month are a combination of standard amounts of beer (12 oz.), wine (3.5 oz.), or hard liquor (1.5 oz.). ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BP, blood pressure.