Table 5.

Rate of occurrence of vitamin A deficiency-related symptoms detected in various tests (ICT and MRDR) in preschool children inhabiting urban and rural Congolese regions

Test ICT*	Brazzaville (urban) No. (%), 95% CI	Kouilou (urban) No. (%), 95% CI	Rural north No. (%), 95% CI	All samples No. (%), 95% CI
N	3/31 (10.0), 0.0-20.7	27/43 (63.0), 48.3-77.7	6/14 (43.0), 16.6-69.4	36/88 (41.0), 40.0-42.0
M+	1/31 (3.0), 0.0-9.0	0	0	1/88 (1.0), 97.8-100
M-	0	0	1/14 (7.0), 0.0-21.0	1/88 (1.0), 0.98-1.0
D	27/31 (55.0), 37.1-72.9	16/43 (37.0), 22.3-51.7	7/14 (50.0), 23.3-76.7	50/88 (56.8), 56.6-57.0
MRDR*
≥0.06	17/31 (55.0), 37.1-72.9	5/43 (12.0), 4.5-19.5	ND	22/74 (30.0), 19.4-40.6
<0.06	14/31(45.0), 27.0-63.0	38/43 (88.0), 80.5-95.5	ND	52/74 (70.0), 59.4-80.6

χ²=98.74,

*p<0.001;

CI=Confidence interval;

ICT=Impression cytology with transfer;

M+=Marginal+;

M-=Marginal-;

N=Normal;

D=Deficient;

ND=Not defined