Table 1. Clinical characteristics of T1DM patients and healthy subjects.

	T1DM patients with HT with MA/DR	T1DM patients without HT		Healthy subjects	P
		Without MA/DR	With MA/DR
n	16	74	15	30
Age (years)	17±4	15.8±2.9	16.6±3.6	16±4.0	P=0.034*
					P=NS**
					P=0.36***
Diabetes onset (years)	7.3±3.3	7.6±3.6	7.2±3.9	—	P=NS*
					P=NS**
Duration of DM (years)	9.3±3.9	7.3±2.2	9.4±3.2	—	P=0.0001*
					P=NS**
HbA1C (%)	9.5±2.3	7.7±1.0	8.7±1.4	4.2±0.3	P=0.0001*
					P=0.02**
					P=0.00001***
CRP (mg l–1)	1.6±1.0	0.9±0.7	1.5±1.0	0.7±0.5	P=0.0001*
					P=NS**
					P=0.16***
Albumin excretion rate (mg per 24 h)	20.6 (3.1–115.2)	9.0 (0.9–28.8)	31.5(7.5–141.2)	2.8±1.2	P=0.0001*
					P=NS**
					P=0.000001***
Creatinine in serum (μmol l–1)	0.8±0.2	0.78±0.1	0.77±0.1	0.5±0.1	P=NS*
					P=NS**
					P=0.0001***
SBP (mm Hg)	129.0±7.0	108.0±8.0	110.0±9.0	110.0±8.0	P=0.0001*
					P=0.008**
					P=0.001***
DBP(mm Hg)	83.0±9.0	68.0±6.0	70.0±8.0	65.0±7.0	P=0.0006*
					P=0.0003**
					P=0.0001***
VEGF (pg ml–1)	340.23±93.22	183.6±96.6	247.3±138.6	145.3±75.6	P=0.035*
					P=0.036**
					P=0.00000***
Complications (n)	16	—	15	—	0.05*
Hypertension	16	—	—	—	—
Microalbuminuria	15	—	10	—	0.03*
Non-proliferative retinopathy and microalbuminuria	16	—	5	—	0.00001*

Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; DR, diabetic retinopathy; HT, hypertension; MA, microalbuminuria; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T1DM, type I diabetes mellitus; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

Data are presented as means±s.d., albumin excretion rate as (min and max).

^*Group with T1DM with HT and with MA/DR vs group without HT and MA/DR.

^**Group with T1DM with HT and MA/DR vs group without HT and with MA/DR.

^***Group with T1DM with HT and MA/DR vs healthy subjects.