Table 1.
Sleep/wakefulness parameters
| Wakefulness |
NREM sleep |
REM sleep |
|||||||
| Period | Gscl+/+ | Gscl−/− | P | Gscl+/+ | Gscl−/− | P | Gscl+/+ | Gscl−/− | P |
| 24 h | |||||||||
| Time (min) | 764 ± 11 | 730 ± 20 | 0.071 | 596 ± 10 | 649 ± 19 | 0.011 | 79.6 ± 2.6 | 61.0 ± 2.3 | <0.0001 |
| Duration (s) | 686 ± 46 | 689 ± 42 | 0.965 | 318 ± 11 | 400 ± 17 | 0.0002 | 77.6 ± 1.8 | 74.5 ± 2.1 | 0.303 |
| Frequency (episode/h) | 2.36 ± 0.14 | 1.84 ± 0.08 | 0.003 | 4.01 ± 0.15 | 3.17 ± 0.07 | <0.0001 | 2.17 ± 0.08 | 1.63 ± 0.06 | <0.0001 |
| REM sleep latency (min) | 8.13 ± 0.25 | 10.8 ± 0.43 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| 12-h light period | |||||||||
| Time (min) | 275 ± 8.0 | 273 ± 5.9 | 0.88 | 385 ± 6.4 | 402 ± 6.0 | 0.066 | 60.0 ± 2.6 | 44.7 ± 2.0 | <0.0001 |
| Duration (s) | 519 ± 39 | 579 ± 41 | 0.35 | 325 ± 12 | 430 ± 22 | 0.0001 | 81.6 ± 2.3 | 79.6 ± 2.6 | 0.602 |
| Frequency (episode/h) | 2.36 ± 0.13 | 1.79 ± 0.10 | 0.001 | 4.99 ± 0.16 | 3.74 ± 0.12 | <0.0001 | 3.16 ± 0.15 | 2.26 ± 0.09 | <0.0001 |
| REM sleep latency (min) | 8.17 ± 0.28 | 10.8 ± 0.46 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| 12-h dark period | |||||||||
| Time (min) | 490 ± 9.0 | 457 ± 16 | 0.054 | 210 ± 8.8 | 247 ± 15 | 0.032 | 19.5 ± 0.99 | 16.4 ± 1.1 | 0.059 |
| Duration (s) | 981 ± 91 | 850 ± 67 | 0.26 | 311 ± 14 | 366 ± 13 | 0.009 | 70.8 ± 2.1 | 65.5 ± 2.0 | 0.085 |
| Frequency (episode/h) | 2.34 ± 0.18 | 1.93 ± 0.12 | 0.075 | 3.02 ± 0.19 | 2.59 ± 0.15 | 0.087 | 1.17 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.07 | 0.065 |
| REM sleep latency (min) | 8.11 ± 0.29 | 11.0 ± 0.61 | 0.0003 | ||||||
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM for Gscl+/+ mice (n = 12) and Gscl−/− mice (n = 6). All parameters were derived from EEG/EMG recordings for three consecutive 24- h periods. Statistical comparisons are by Student's t test. Significant changes (P < 0.05) are shown in bold type.