Fig. 3.

Altered SCFA profiles and increased levels of specific lactate-consuming, butyrate-producing bacteria define a nonpermissive environment for colitogenic T-bet^−/−Rag2^−/− Enterobacteriaceae. (A) Volatile and nonvolatile SCFA levels of cecal contents for BFMP, MP, and sham T-bet^−/−Rag2^−/− mice and sham Rag2^−/− mice. Bars show mean values from three independent experiments (n = 5 mice/ sample). Error bars indicate standard deviation. (B) qPCR and RT-qPCR using primers targeting the indicated bacteria genera or species. Pre- and postconsumption levels for MP (●) or BFMP (○) shown along the y axis (log₁₀(equivalent cells/g feces)). Each circle indicates data from a single mouse. Horizontal bars show the mean. P values were calculated by Mann-Whitney test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (C) Growth kinetics of T-bet^−/−Rag2^−/−-derived strains of K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis over a 3-h time course in media with pH and SCFA concentration adjusted to model cecal contents of T-bet^−/−Rag2^−/− mice that consumed BFMP or MP.