Table 2.

Sialogogues.

Gustatory and tactile sialogogues*	Pharmacological sialogogues
Acid-tasting substances	Anetholetrithione
acidic (sugar-free) sweets	Benzapyrone
acidic or effervescent drinks (lemon juice, citric acid, buttermilk)	Betanechol chloride
	Carbachol
citric acid crystals	Cevimeline**
cotton-wool gauze soaked in a citric acid and glycerine solution	Folia Jaborandi and tinctura Jaborandi
	Neostigmine, neostigmine bromide, pyridostigmine bromide, destigmine bromide
lemon pastilles
lemon slices	Nicotinamide and nicotine acid
vitamin C tablets	Pilocarpine hydrochloride**, pilocarpine nitrate
Miscellaneous substances:	Potassium iodide
dried pieces of reed root (calami rhizome)	Trithioparamethoxyphenylpropene
sugar-free chewing gum
sugar-free sweets
vegetables or fruits

^*Not all substances are recommended in dentulous patients as acidic products may induce demineralization of dental hard tissues

^**Only these agents have been approved for relief of xerostomia in humans and have undergone substantial, controlled clinical testing