Table 3.

Multivariable adjusted prevalence ratios of kidney disease in white and African American ARIC participants with both kidney and gallstone disease (n= 169) or only kidney stone disease (n=832) compared to those with neither kidney nor gallstone disease (reference group; n= 10,218).

	Both kidney and gallstone disease (n=169)		Only kidney stone disease (n=832)
	PR (95% CI)	P	PR (95% CI)	P
Age (10 yrs)	1.50 (1.12, 2.01)	0.007	1.00 (0.88, 1.12)	0.95
Male gender	0.74 (0.51, 1.05)	0.09	2.66 (2.27, 3.13)	<0.001
White race	2.45 (1.50, 4.02)	<0.001	2.29 (1.81, 2.89)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)
BMI < 25	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
BMI 25 – 29	1.24 (0.80, 1.91)	0.34	0.89 (0.76, 1.05)	0.18
BMI ≥ 30	1.43 (0.90, 2.26)	0.13	0.88 (0.72, 1.06)	0.18
Diabetes	2.01 (1.38, 2.93)	<0.001	1.24 (1.03, 1.49)	0.02
Hypertension	1.20 (0.85, 1.71)	0.30	1.02 (0.88, 1.18)	0.77
(ln) Triglycerides (mmol/l)1	1.24 (1.06, 1.44)	0.006	1.08 (1.00, 1.16)	0.045
Uric acid (mg/dl)1	1.13 (0.95, 1.36)	0.172	0.99 (0.91, 1.07)	0.82

¹Modeled per standard deviation (SD) increase. SDs were 0.50 for (ln) Triglycerides and 1.47 for uric acid (mg/dl). Simultaneous adjustment for all covariates was performed. BMI was included instead of waist because of the known association between BMI and gallstone disease.