Table 6.
Mean Scores on CBCL Total Problems by Maternal Immigration Characteristics
| Maternal immigration characteristics | Mean Total Problems score (standard deviation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European (n = 406) | R 2 | Non-Western (n = 1347) | R 2 | |
| Generational status: Second | 24.0 (16.3) | 0.005 | 27.8 (17.2) | 0.008 |
| First | 26.2 (16.5) | 31.4 (20.5)** | ||
| Age at immigrationa: 0–15 years old | 22.2 (15.7) | 0.016 | 28.4 (19.0) | 0.017 |
| ≥ 16 years old | 27.7 (16.8) | 33.2 (19.5)** | ||
| Dutch language skills: Good | 23.7 (16.1) | 0.012 | 26.6 (16.7) | 0.032 |
| Reasonable | 27.0 (16.7) | 31.9 (19.7)*** | ||
| Not good | 27.5 (17.3) | 34.9 (21.8)*** | ||
| Cultural identity: | ||||
| “Feels part of …” | 0.045 | 0.033 | ||
| Dutch culture | 22.1 (15.2) | 28.6 (18.3) | ||
| Dutch and own national culture | 25.5 (16.0) | 26.5 (16.0) | ||
| Own national culture | 27.3 (16.8) | 33.9 (21.2)** | ||
| Neither Dutch nor own national culture | 44.9 (17.5)* | 35.4 (20.4)* | ||
| Feelings of acceptance: | ||||
| “Feels accepted by Dutch natives” | 0.018 | 0.017 | ||
| Agree | 24.6 (15.6) | 27.5 (17.7) | ||
| Neither agree, nor disagree | 27.5 (16.2) | 32.7 (19.0)*** | ||
| Disagree | 32.6 (20.5) | 31.6 (20.3)* | ||
*p < 0.05, ** <0.01, *** <0.001 for difference in mean score between a certain category and the reference category. Reference categories for the separate immigration characteristics are: second generation, age at immigration 0–15 years, good Dutch language skills, feeling part of Dutch culture, or agreeing with ‘feeling accepted by Dutch natives’
aOnly first generation immigrants included, as second generation immigrants were born in The Netherlands