Figure 2.

Paracrine effect of Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in wound healing. BM-MSCs (green) in a cutaneous wound release growth factors such as IGF-1, EGF, and KGF to promote the proliferation of keratinocytes, release proangiogenic cytokines such as VEGF-a and Ang-1 to enhance angiogenesis, release chemokines such as MIP-1 to recruit monocytes into the wound, and release cytokines such as SDF-1 and G-CSF to recruit EPCs into the wound. Abbreviations: ang-1, angiopoietin-1; EGF, epidermal growth factor; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; FB, fibroblast; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; KGF, keratinocyte growth factor; MIP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; SDF1, Stromal cell-derived factor-1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.