Table 4.
Association between parenting behavior and child physical activity while controlling for known covariates.
| Total Counts/da (per 10,000) | Minutes of MVPAb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent: | B | SE | Std. β | t | p | B | SE | Std. β | t | p |
| Parenting style | ||||||||||
| Model 1: | ||||||||||
| Authoritative | -5.36 | 4.86 | -0.15 | -1.10 | 0.27 | -11.15 | 11.8 | -0.13 | -0.95 | 0.35 |
| Permissive | 0.25 | 4.95 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.96 | -1.12 | 12.0 | -0.01 | -0.09 | 0.93 |
| Uninvolved† | -10.19 | 4.48 | -0.31 | -2.27 | 0.03 | -23.38 | 10.9 | -0.30 | -2.15 | 0.04 |
| Parenting practices | ||||||||||
| Model 2: | 2.80 | 1.92 | 0.16 | 1.46 | 0.15 | 7.34 | 4.6 | 0.18 | 1.60 | 0.12 |
| Logistical support | ||||||||||
| Model 3: | -0.50 | 2.18 | -0.03 | -0.23 | 0.82 | -2.02 | 5.2 | -0.04 | -0.38 | 0.70 |
| Explicit modeling | ||||||||||
| Model 4: | -1.44 | 1.81 | -0.09 | -0.77 | 0.44 | -5.13 | 4.4 | -0.13 | -1.15 | 0.25 |
| Monitoring | ||||||||||
| Model 5: | -0.06 | 1.58 | -0.00 | -0.04 | 0.97 | -2.23 | 3.8 | -0.66 | -0.59 | 0.56 |
| Discipline | ||||||||||
| Model 6: | 0.02 | 1.56 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.99 | -1.57 | 3.74 | -0.05 | -0.42 | 0.68 |
| Reinforcement | ||||||||||
| Model 7: | -2.04 | 1.46 | -0.16 | -1.40 | 0.17 | -4.38 | 3.51 | -0.14 | -1.25 | 0.22 |
| Control | ||||||||||
| Model 8: | 0.06 | 1.79 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.74 | 0.28 | 4.30 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.95 |
| Limit setting | ||||||||||
Note. *Reference group for parenting style (authoritarian)
†p < 0.05; All models adjusted for child characteristics (gender, age, number of siblings).
Adjusted R-square: Model 1a = .217; Model 1b = .190; Model 2a = .181; Model 2b = .172; Model 3a = .157; Model 3b = .144; Model 4a = .156; Model 4b = .149; Model 5a = .156; Model 5b = .146; Model 6a = .156; Model 6b = .144; Model 7a = .179; Model 7b = .160; Model 8a = .158; Model 8b = .142