Table 3.
Summarized results and statistical comparisons
| (1) Leipzig group |
(2) IUMR group |
(3) Historical controls |
Statistical comparison (p-value) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (2) vs (3) | (1) vs (2) | (1) vs (3) | ||||
| Neonatal death (%) | 0 | 4.5 [21] | NA | - | < 0.05 | - |
| GA at birth (wk) | 37.8 ± 2.3 | 34.6 [21] | 37.0 [22] | - | < 0.0001 | ns |
| 33.2 [22] | 37.0 [22] | < 0.001 [22] | - | - | ||
| GA < 30th wk (%) | 0 | 11.8 [23] | NA | - | < 0.05 | - |
| Birth weight (g) | 2921.3 ± 760.3 | 2512 [24] | 3075 [22] | - | < 0.01 | ns |
| 2171 [22] | 3075 [22] | < 0.001 [22] | - | - | ||
| Shunt placement ≤ 1 y (%) |
69.8 | 54.3 [25] | 85.7 [21] | < 0.0001 | ns | < 0.05 |
| Age at shunt placement (d) |
16.0 ± 10.7 | 21.2 [24] | - | - | < 0.05 | - |
| 12.5$ | 85.5 [22]$ | 5 [28]$ | < 0.01 [22] | - | - | |
| Incidence ACM II (%) |
57.1 | 100§ | 75.7 [15] | - | - | ns |
| Surgery TC (%) | 11.1 | 29.6 [26] | 32.4 [5] | ns | < 0.01 | < 0.001 |
| (Assisted) Walkers (%) | 56.4£ | 92.6 [18]# | 59.2 [5]¶ | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ns |
| Wheelchair users (%) | 41.0£ | 7.4 [18]# | 40.8 [5]¶ | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | ns |
| Regular education (%) | 64.1 | NA | 63.4 [5] | - | - | ns |
| CIC (%) | 69.7 | NA | 84.5 [5] | - | - | ns |
Summarized results of our data collection compared to published results for historical controls and IUMR applying the two-sided t-test or Fisher's exact test at p < 0.05. Data are presented in mean (± SD) or median and percentages. GA: gestational age, ACM: Arnold-Chiari malformation, TC: tethered cord, CIC: clean intermittent catheterization. NA: not applicable, ns: not significant. $median; §ACM is one of the inclusion criteria for IUMR; £mean age 13.3 ± 8.9 years, #mean age 67.0 ± 18.2 months, ¶mean age 21.7 years.