Table 2.

End-systolic strains

	Atrial Pace	Epicardial Pace
E11	−0.154 ± 0.019	−0.060 ± 0.016*
E22	−0.043 ± 0.009	−0.027 ± 0.012
E33	0.235 ± 0.032	0.085 ± 0.023*
E12	0.030 ± 0.006	0.027 ± 0.005
E23	0.066 ± 0.014	0.018 ± 0.012*
E13	0.067 ± 0.009	0.040 ± 0.009*
Eff	−0.118 ± 0.010	−0.040 ± 0.015*
Ess	0.121 ± 0.024	0.034 ± 0.014*
Enn	0.036 ± 0.027	0.004 ± 0.015*
Efs	0.065 ± 0.015	0.028 ± 0.012*
Esn	−0.078 ± 0.038	−0.026 ± 0.022*
Efn	−0.055 ± 0.013	−0.031 ± 0.010*
Ess cos2 β	0.096 ± 0.021	0.028 ± 0.011*
Enn sin2 β	0.020 ± 0.010	0.008 ± 0.006*
2Esn sin β cos β	0.119 ± 0.020	0.049 ± 0.016*
$\frac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\text{ss}}{\text{cos}}^2\mathrm{\beta }}{{\mathrm{E}}_{33}}$	0.438 ± 0.070	0.333 ± 0.091
$\frac{{\mathrm{E}}_{\text{nn}}{\text{sin}}^2\mathrm{\beta }}{{\mathrm{E}}_{33}}$	0.082 ± 0.038	0.043 ± 0.063
$\frac{2{\mathrm{E}}_{\text{sn}}\text{sin}\mathrm{\beta }\text{cos}\mathrm{\beta }}{{\mathrm{E}}_{33}}$	0.481 ± 0.047	0.631 ± 0.077

Values are transmural means (subepicardium, midwall, and subendocardium) ± SE (n = 5).

E₁₁, circumferential strain; E₂₂, longitudinal strain; E₃₃ radial strain; E₁₂, circumferential-longitudinal shear means; E₂₃, longitudinal-radial shear means; E₁₃, circumferential-radial shear means; E_ff, fiber strain; E_ss, sheet strain; E_nn, strain normal to the sheet plane; E_fs; shear means within the sheet plane; E_sn, sheet shear means; E_fn, fiber-normal shear means; β, sheet angle.

^*P < 0.05 vs. atrial pace.