Table 5.

 Results of individual studies with instability as outcome measure classified by duration of follow-up

Outcome	Conventional treatment	Supervised treatment	Relative risk or effect size* (95% CI)
Intermediate
Oostendorp26
No (%) with fear of giving way:
At 6 weeks	8 (67)	3 (25)	0.38 (0.13 to 1.08)
At 12 weeks	5 (42)	2 (17)	0.40 (0.10 to 1.67)
Reinhardt27
No (%) with instability at 3 months	5 (15)	2 (4)	0.28 (0.06 to 1.36)
van Rijn20
No (%) with instability at 3 months	32 (65)	34 (64)	1.02 (0.76 to 1.36)
Mean (SD) instability (VAS 0-10) in subgroup AFS ≤40 (severe) at 8 weeks:
Walking flat	1.4 (1.6)	0.3 (0.8)	0.86† (0.31 to 1.40)‡
Walking rough	2.8 (2.1)	1.6 (1.6)	0.63† (0.10 to 1.17)‡
Mean (SD) instability (VAS 0-10) in subgroup AFS >40 (mild) at 8 weeks:
Walking flat	0.7 (1.2)	0.4 (0.9)	0.27† (−0.31 to 0.86)
Walking rough	1.6 (2.1)	1.2 (1.4)	0.22† (−0.37 to 0.80)
Long term
Nilsson25
No (%) with instability at 3-6 months	12 (20.3)	14 (23.7)	1.17 (0.59 to 2.30)
No (%) with instability at 3 years	12 (23.5)	7 (13.2)	0.56 (0.24 to 1.31)
Oostendorp26
No (%) with fear of giving way at 24 weeks	5 (42)	1 (8)	0.20 (0.03 to 1.47)
van Rijn20
No (%) with instability at 12 months	26 (53)	30 (57)	1.06 (0.75 to 1.52)
Mean (SD) instability (VAS 0-10) in subgroup with AFS ≤40 (severe) at 12 months:
Walking flat	0.4 (0.8)	0.4 (1.6)	0.00† (−0.52 to 0.52)
Walking rough	1.4 (1.5)	1.4 (2.5)	0.00† (−0.52 to 0.52)
Mean (SD) instability (VAS 0-10) in subgroup with AFS >40 (mild) at 12 months:
Walking flat	0.3 (0.7)	0.5 (1.5)	−0.17† (−0.75 to 0.41)
Walking rough	0.7 (1.3)	1.5 (2.6)	−0.39† (−0.98 to 0.19)
Wester29
No (%) with instability at 230 days	6 (25)	0 (0)	NA

VAS=visual analogue scale; AFS=ankle function score.

*Effect size >0 indicates beneficial effects of supervised treatment; relative risk <1.0 indicates beneficial effects of supervised treatment.

†Effect size.

‡P<0.05.