Fig. 1.

Common types of injury associated with development of CP in ELBW and term infants. (A,B) Illustration of brain injuries commonly affecting ELBW infants. (A) Key characteristics of intraventricular hemorrhage, which results from germinal matrix hemorrhage into the ventricles, sometimes extending into the brain parenchyma, are shown. Additionally, there is a high incidence of PVL (a type of WMI), which can result in a cystic necrosis of white matter tracts and/or diffuse gliosis. (B) Long-term sequelae of brain injury in ELBW infants are shown, including hypomyelination resulting from failure of lesion repair, as well as ventriculomegaly, which represents an ex-vacuo change resulting from significant loss of brain parenchyma. (C,D) Common brain injuries in full-term infants. (C) Neonatal stroke in which a focal region of cortex is affected. (D) HIE results in global HI injury to the brain, more specifically to neurons of the cortical plate and basal ganglia, as well as white matter tracts.