Table 5.
Reported and Confirmed Elder Abuse Stratified by Cognitive Function and Physical Functiona
| No. (%) | Deaths per 100 Person-Years |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total No. | Mortality | Reported Abuse |
No Abuse Reported |
Reported Abuse |
Adjusted HR (95% CI)b |
P Value |
|
| Cognitive function tertiles for MMSE Group 1 (score <20) |
770 | 650 (84.4) | 26 (3.4) | 17.29 | 22.68 | 1.46 (0.85–2.52) | .17 |
| Group 2 (score 20–25) | 1741 | 1013 (58.2) | 44 (2.5) | 7.73 | 14.71 | 1.61 (1.06–2.45) | .03 |
| Group 3 (score 26–30) | 6476 | 2417 (37.3) | 37 (0.6) | 4.48 | 7.73 | 1.04 (0.61–1.77) | .89 |
| Physical function tertiles for chair stands Group 1 (0–1 times) |
1616 | 1056 (65.3) | 53 (3.3) | 11.52 | 15.69 | 1.43 (0.96–2.14) | .08 |
| Group 2 (2–3 times) | 3306 | 1515 (45.8) | 37 (1.1) | 5.57 | 12.04 | 1.78 (1.13–2.78) | .01 |
| Group 3 (4–5 times) | 3819 | 1291 (33.8) | 14 (0.4) | 3.93 | 6.45 | 1.20 (0.49–2.93) | .68 |
| Confirmed Abuse |
No Confirmed Abuse |
Confirmed Abuse |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive function tertiles for MMSE Group 1 (score <20) |
770 | 650 (84.4) | 17 (2.2) | 17.29 | 26.54 | 2.38 (1.23–4.62) | .01 |
| Group 2 (score 20–25) | 1741 | 1013 (58.2) | 23 (1.3) | 7.74 | 23.07 | 2.50 (1.47–4.25) | <.001 |
| Group 3 (score 26–30) | 6476 | 2417 (37.3) | 20 (0.3) | 4.49 | 10.01 | 1.47 (0.76–2.85) | .25 |
| Physical function tertiles for chair stands Group 1 (0–1 times) |
1616 | 1056 (65.3) | 29 (1.8) | 11.50 | 21.78 | 2.35 (1.45–3.81) | <.001 |
| Group 2 (2–3 times) | 3306 | 1515 (45.8) | 21 (0.6) | 5.58 | 15.81 | 2.51 (1.47–4.29) | <.001 |
| Group 3 (4–5 times) | 3819 | 1291 (33.8) | 6 (0.2) | 3.93 | 6.32 | 1.29 (0.32–5.19) | .72 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
The reference categories for the stratified analyses are those participants in each of the cognitive function or physical function categories who did not have reported or confirmed elder self-neglect or elder abuse. The MMSE was excluded in the stratified analyses of cognitive function and the chair stand was excluded in the stratified analyses of physical function. Low levels of cognitive or physical function correspond to group 1 and high levels correspond to group 3.
Adjusted for age, sex, race, education (years completed), income, age× education, sex× education, medical conditions, MMSE score, chair stand, marital status, weight loss, alcohol use (>12 drinks in last 12 months), cigarette smoking (ever), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression score, and social network.