Table 3.
Crude predictors of inpatient neonatal death in univariable analysis
| Signs | Alive | Died | Crude LR (univariable) |
95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever |
1,793 |
250 |
0.54 |
0.48-0.61 |
| No Fever |
2,595 |
881 |
1.32 |
1.27 -1.37 |
| Axilary temperature <36°C |
816 |
533 |
2.62 |
2.40-2.86 |
| 36°C to 37.4°C |
2,369 |
314 |
0.53 |
0.48- 0.59 |
| 37.5°C to 38.4°C |
830 |
128 |
0.62 |
0.52- 0.74 |
| 38.5°C to 39.4°C |
290 |
71 |
0.98 |
0.77- 1.26 |
| ≥39.5°C |
58 |
40 |
2.77 |
1.86-4.12 |
| Cough |
749 |
66 |
1.14 |
1.11-1.16 |
| No Cough |
3,639 |
1,065 |
0.34 |
0.27-0.44 |
| Indrawing |
1,337 |
519 |
1.51 |
1.39-1.63 |
| No indrawing |
3,051 |
612 |
0.78 |
0.74-0.82 |
| Wheeze |
30 |
8 |
1.04 |
0.48-2.26 |
| No wheeze |
4,088 |
1,049 |
1.00 |
0.99-1.01 |
| Stridor |
21 |
6 |
1.10 |
0.44-2.72 |
| No stridor |
4,308 |
1,120 |
1.00 |
1.00- 1.004 |
| Irregular breathing |
280 |
252 |
3.60 |
3.08- 4.20 |
| Regular breathing |
3,545 |
705 |
0.80 |
0.77- 0.83 |
| No Deep breathing |
3,516 |
858 |
0.903 |
0.88-0.93 |
| Difficulty in breathing |
1,240 |
443 |
1.37 |
1.27-1.49 |
| No difficulty in breathing |
2,098 |
426 |
0.78 |
0.73-0.84 |
| Nasal flaring |
589 |
238 |
1.43 |
1.25-1.63 |
| No nasal flaring |
2,661 |
682 |
0.91 |
0.87- 0.94 |
| BCG scar |
885 |
103 |
0.43 |
0.36- 0.52 |
| No BCG scar |
2,814 |
898 |
1.18 |
1.15- 1.21 |
| Respiratory rate (per minute) <30 |
212 |
181 |
3.33 |
2.76-4.01 |
| 30 to 59 |
2,894 |
591 |
0.80 |
0.75-0.84 |
| 60 to 80 |
969 |
264 |
1.06 |
0.94 -1.20 |
| > 80 |
236 |
70 |
1.16 |
0.89-1.50 |
| Cyanosis |
205 |
208 |
3.90 |
3.25- 4.68 |
| No Cyanosis |
4,123 |
918 |
0.86 |
0.83-0.88 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) <90 |
605 |
457 |
2.94 |
2.66- 3.26 |
| 90 to 100 |
3,072 |
666 |
0.69 |
0.66-0.72 |
| Diarrhoea |
66 |
11 |
0.65 |
0.34 -1.22 |
| No diarrhoea |
4,322 |
1,120 |
1.01 |
1.00-1.01 |
| Vomiting |
230 |
26 |
0.44 |
0.29-0.65 |
| No Vomiting |
4,158 |
1,105 |
1.03 |
1.02-1.043 |
| Decreased skin turgor |
135 |
46 |
1.21 |
0.87-1.68 |
| Normal skin turgor |
3,012 |
839 |
0.99 |
0.97- 1.01 |
| Sunken eyes |
59 |
17 |
1.13 |
0.66-1.93 |
| No sunken eyes |
3,851 |
978 |
1.00 |
0.99-1.08 |
| Temperature gradient |
443 |
297 |
2.48 |
2.18-2.82 |
| No temperature gradient |
3,087 |
657 |
0.79 |
0.75-0.82 |
| Weak pulse |
197 |
226 |
4.43 |
3.72-5.28 |
| Normal pulse |
3,004 |
606 |
0.78 |
0.74-0.81 |
| Capillary refill time(seconds) <1 |
2,578 |
449 |
0.67 |
0.62-0.72 |
| 1 to 3 |
1,670 |
566 |
1.31 |
1.22-1.40 |
| > 3 |
80 |
109 |
5.25 |
3.96-6.95 |
| Heart rate(per minute) <100 |
130 |
124 |
3.566 |
2.82- 4.52 |
| 100 to 180 |
3,077 |
725 |
0.881 |
0.85-0.92 |
| > 180 |
558 |
158 |
1.059 |
0.90-1.5 |
| Pallor |
225 |
170 |
2.93 |
2.43-3.54 |
| No Pallor |
4,163 |
961 |
0.90 |
0.87-0.92 |
| breastfeeding |
2,883 |
369 |
0.49 |
0.45-0.54 |
| Not able to breastfeed |
1,442 |
758 |
2.02 |
1.90 -2.14 |
| cry |
3,184 |
614 |
0.77 |
0.73-0.81 |
| No cry |
642 |
344 |
2.14 |
1.92 -2.39 |
| Bulging fontanel |
45 |
19 |
1.77 |
0.99- 2.87 |
| Normal fontanel |
3,767 |
935 |
0.99 |
0.98- 1.00 |
| Neck stiffness |
29 |
26 |
3.48 |
2.06- 5.88 |
| No neck stiffness |
4,286 |
1,087 |
0.98 |
0.97-0.99 |
| irritable |
109 |
55 |
1.97 |
1.43 2.70 |
| Not irritable |
4,007 |
1,001 |
0.97 |
0.96 -0.99 |
| Convulsions |
247 |
45 |
0.68 |
0.50- 0.93 |
| No convulsions |
3,513 |
964 |
1.02 |
1.01-1.04 |
| Weight(kg) <1.5 |
367 |
381 |
4.18 |
3.68-4.74 |
| 1.5 to <2.0 |
492 |
150 |
1.23 |
1.03-1.45 |
| 2.0 to <2.5 |
769 |
166 |
0.87 |
0.74-1.01 |
| ≥2.5 |
2,727 |
386 |
0.57 |
0.52-0.62 |
| Age in days 0 to 2 |
1,335 |
619 |
1.73 |
1.62-1.85 |
| 3 to 6 |
808 |
231 |
1.07 |
0.94- 1.22 |
| 7 to 28 |
1,615 |
156 |
0.36 |
0.31- 0.42 |
| Neonatal encephalopathy |
298 |
150 |
1.81 |
1.51-2.17 |
| Not neonatal encephalopathy |
2,888 |
737 |
0.92 |
0.89-0.95 |
| Neonatal tetanus |
47 |
69 |
5.27 |
3.67-7.58 |
| Not neonatal tetanus |
3,139 |
818 |
0.94 |
0.92- 0.96 |
| preterm |
289 |
262 |
3.26 |
2.80-3.78 |
| Not preterm |
2,897 |
625 |
0.78 |
0.74-0.81 |
| Neonatal sepsis |
1,332 |
199 |
0.54 |
0.47- 0.61 |
| Not neonatal sepsis |
1,854 |
688 |
1.33 |
1.27- 1.40 |
| meningitis |
55 |
19 |
1.24 |
0.74- 2.08 |
| Not meningitis |
3,131 |
868 |
1.00 |
0.99- 1.01 |
| Jaundice |
509 |
86 |
0.61 |
0.49-0.75 |
| Not jaundice |
2,667 |
809 |
1.08 |
1.05-1.10 |
| Blood glucose level(mmols/l) < 2.6 |
705 |
279 |
1.44 |
1.28-1.62 |
| ≥ 2.6 to ≤ 7.0 |
2,327 |
422 |
0.66 |
0.61-0.71 |
| > 7.0 |
236 |
199 |
3.06 |
2.57-3.64 |
| Culture (blood or CSF) Positive |
370 |
171 |
1.81 |
1.527 to 2.133 |
| Negative | 3,437 | 804 | 0.91 | 0.886 to 0.942 |