NHERF1 effect on CCR5 internalization. 48 h post-transfection, HEK293 cells were incubated with 10 ng/ml RANTES for 60 min and then labeled with an anti-CCR5 antibody targeting an extracellular portion of the receptor to measure cell surface expression. Then an ELISA-type assay was performed to measure cell surface expression assay following RANTES stimulation of CCR5. Results are shown as the relative intensity of expression at the plasma membrane, where unstimulated cells were adjusted empirically to 1, for ease of comparison. Results are representative of at least three independent experiments, and *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01 compared with controls using two-tailed paired Student's t test.