Table 2.
Analysis of interventions for early psychosis compared with standard care (random-effects model)
| Outcome | Time of data collection | Trials, n | Participants, n: treatment/control | Summary effect estimate (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early intervention service | ||||
| Hospital admission11,12,24 | End of treatment | 3 | 342/280 | RR = 0.67 (0.54 to 0.83) |
| Relapse (full or partial)11,12 | End of treatment | 2 | 91/81 | RR = 0.66 (0.47 to 0.94) |
| Positive symptoms (PANSS or SAPS)11,24 | End of treatment | 2 | 260/208 | SMD = –0.21 (–0.42 to –0.01) |
| Negative symptoms (PANSS or SANS)11,24 | End of treatment | 2 | 260/208 | SMD = –0.39 (–0.57 to –0.20) |
| Not receiving a psychological intervention11,12,24 | End of treatment | 3 | 344/286 | RR = 0.67 (0.46 to 0.97) |
| Not in contact with index team11,24 | End of treatment | 2 | 314/266 | RR = 0.60 (0.39 to 0.92) |
| Leaving the study early for any
reason11,12,23,24 |
End of treatment
|
4
|
408/392
|
RR = 0.71 (0.53 to 0.94)
|
| Cognitive–behavioural therapy | ||||
| Positive symptoms (BRPS, PANSS or SAPS)25–28 | End of treatment | 4 | 285/251 | SMD= –0.05 (–0.22 to 0.12) |
| Positive symptoms26–28 | Up to 2 years follow-up | 3 | 233/209 | SMD= –0.60 (–0.79 to –0.41) |
| Negative symptoms (BRPS, PANSS or SAPS)25,27,28 | End of treatment | 3 | 207/191 | SMD = 0.03 (–0.17 to 0.23) |
| Negative symptoms26–28 | Up to 2 years follow-up | 3 | 233/209 | SMD= –0.45 (–0.80 to –0.09) |
| Relapse26,27 | Up to 2 years follow-up | 2 | 227/227 | RR = 0.67 (0.24 to 1.85) |
| Hospital
admission25,26 |
Up to 2 years follow-up
|
2
|
146/148
|
RR = 1.01 (0.76 to 1.35)
|
| Family intervention | ||||
| Relapse29 | End of treatment | 1 | 52/52 | RR = 0.58 (0.25 to 1.36) |
| Relapse29 | Up to 2 years follow-up | 1 | 52/52 | RR = 0.75 (0.39 to 1.43) |
| Hospital admission30,31 | End of treatment | 2 | 99/90 | RR = 0.51 (0.24 to 1.10) |
| Hospital admission and relapse (combined)29–31 | End of treatment | 3 | 151/142 | RR = 0.50 (0.32 to 0.80) |
BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; RR, relative risk; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; SMD, standardised mean difference.