(A) Dose-effect curve for antiviral activity of PNATAR-TPP conjugate 2. CEM cells were infected with VSV-G pseudotyped S1 strain of HIV-1 and grown in the presence of increasing concentrations of conjugate 2 (0–1500 nM). PNATAR alone, TBTP 5 and TBTP-M 7 were included in the experiment as controls. Cells were harvested, lysed, and assayed for luciferase expression 48 hours after infection. The effect of conjugate 2 concentrations on the luciferase expression was analyzed using CalcuSyn software (Biosoft). (B) Median-effect plot: The IC50 value, determined from the ratio of log of luciferase expression in treated cells (fa) and untreated cells (fu) as a function of the log concentration of conjugate 2 was 1.0 > M; the linear correlation coefficient, r, was 0.97.