Table 2. Biomarkers selected for multivariate analysis based on statistical relevance.

	Resected benign nodules (n=12)		‘Normal’ controls (n=31)		NSCLC: Stage Ia (n=55)		NSCLC: Stages II & IIIa,b (n=37)		Overall performance characteristics
Biomarker	Medianc	Rangec	Medianc	Rangec	Medianc	Rangec	Medianc	Rangec	AUC	P-valued
CYFRA 21-1	371.9	227–783	277.54	122.3–617.2	630.89	169.5–5351	674.56	293.4–3663	0.873	<0.001
TNF-α	8.92	3.7–27	4.06	1.37–11.94	14.35	1.37–140	13.85	2.9–41.93	0.862	<0.001
MCP-1	0.47	0.28–1.07	0.77	0.2–2.34	0.40	0.18–2.06	0.4	0.12–5.7	0.753	<0.001
IL-1ra	184.2	42–1168	81.59	2.41–606.4	326.93	2.41–2144	326.93	1.12–3258	0.719	<0.001
MMP-2	6792	4440–10013	7757	5029–12836	6195	3293–12693	5516	897–10094	0.705	<0.001
IL-6	37.59	1.17–1495	11.39	1.17–1520	61.46	1.17–5862	54.99	3.44–906.5	0.702	<0.001
EOTAXIN	0.135	0.07–0.23	0.16	0.06–0.26	0.10	0.04–0.39	0.11	0.04–0.56	0.698	<0.001
CA-125	1.13	0.43–11.47	0.57	0.12–4.92	1.38	0.12–143.4	1.8	0.1–24.6	0.698	<0.001
sE-selectin	1643	702–3962	1635	862–4079	1198	417–2603	1283	509–2547	0.690	<0.001
sP-selectin	2779	1265–8764	3168	1722–5158	2726	926–5181	1892	926–11835	0.677	<0.001
MIP-1α	0.13	0.1–0.15	0.14	0.12–0.21	0.13	0.1–0.7	0.12	0.05–0.81	0.669	0.00117
IL-10	21.32	3.04–92.08	3.04	3.04–576.6	16.83	3.04–1361	42.5	3.04–428	0.667	0.00162
CRP	2.659	0.945–4.336	4.89	0.945–23.7	2.69	0.95–10.2	3.05	0.015–9.92	0.662	0.00245
IL-2Rα	54.4	18.7–119.7	29.815	5.33–224.62	57.44	5.33–3359	46.98	7.03–192.8	0.652	0.00462

^aPathologic stage.

^bLymph node-positive disease.

^cValues expressed as pg ml^–1.

^dMann–Whitney U (two-sided test).

Descriptive statistical parameters and individual test performance characteristics measured from our training cohort for each biomarker within our statistical thresholds.

Abbreviations: NSCLC=non-small cell lung cancer; AUC=area under the curve; TNF=tumour necrosis factor; MCP=monocyte chemotactic protein; IL=interleukin; MMP=matrix metalloproteinases; CA=cancer antigen; MIP=macrophage inflammatory protein; CRP=C-reactive protein; CYFRA=CYFRA 21-1, cytokeratin 19 fragment.