Table 1. Summary of epigenetic patterns in normal and neoplastic testicular tissues.
Putative function | CIS | Gonocytes a | SEM | NonSEM (EC) | Normal adult testis | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5-methyl-cytosine | Chromatin repression | neg | neg | neg/++ | +++ | Sp.gonia: all, Sp.cytes: all, Sp.tids: all |
Sertoli: ++ | Sertoli: ++ | Sertoli: ++ | ||||
H3K9me2 | Chromatin repression | neg | neg | +/+++ | neg | Sp.gonia: A +++, Sp.cytes: neg, Sp.tids: round and elongated ++/neg |
Sertoli: +++ | Sertoli: ++ | Sertoli: neg/+ | ||||
H3K27me3 | Chromatin repression | neg/+ | neg/+ | +++ | neg | Sp.gonia: neg/+, Sp.cytes: neg, Sp.tids: round to elongating +++/+ |
Sertoli: +++ | Sertoli: ++ | Sertoli: +++ | ||||
H3K4me1 | Chromatin activation | +++ | neg/+ (cytoplasma) | ++/+++ | neg/+ | Sp.gonia: B, Sp.cytes: neg, Sp.tids: late round ++ |
Sertoli: + | Sertoli: neg | Sertoli: + | ||||
H3K4me2/3 | Chromatin activation | ++/+++ | −/++ | neg/+ | +/++ | Sp.gonia: ++/+++, Sp.cytes: +/+++, Sp.tids: round +/++ |
Sertoli: + | Sertoli: −/+ | Sertoli: +/++ | ||||
H3K9ac | Chromatin activation | +++ | +++ | neg/+ | neg/+ | Sp.gonia: +++/+, Sp.cytes: ++/neg, Sp.tids: neg |
Sertoli: neg/+ | Sertoli: neg/+ | Sertoli: + | ||||
H2A.Z | Chromatin activation | +++ | +++ | ++/+++ | neg/+ | Sp.gonia: +/+++, Sp.cytes: ++, Sp.tids: round +++ |
Sertoli: neg/+ | Sertoli: neg/++ | Sertoli: + | ||||
EZH2 | H3K27 tri-methylation | +++ (cytoplasma) | Neg | neg/+ | neg | Sp.gonia: neg (+ cytoplasma), Sp.cytes: neg, Sp.tids: neg |
Sertoli: neg | Sertoli: neg | Sertoli: neg | ||||
UTX | H3K27me3 demethylation | neg | Neg | neg/+ | neg/+ | Sp.gonia: neg, Sp.cytes: neg/+, Sp.tids: neg |
Sertoli: + | Sertoli: neg | Sertoli: neg | ||||
JMJD3 | H3K27me3 demethylation | neg | neg/+ | neg/+ | neg/+ | Sp.gonia: neg/+, Sp.cytes: neg/++, Sp.tids: neg/+ |
Sertoli: neg/+ | Sertoli: neg | Sertoli: neg/+ (cytoplasma) |
Abbreviations: EC; embryonal carcinoma; EZH2, Enhancer of Zeste homologue 2; neg, negative; NonSEM, non-seminoma; SEM; seminoma; Sp.tid, spermatid; Sp.cytes, spermatocytes; Sp.gonia, spermatogonia.
+, faint staining; ++, apparent; +++, strong positive.
Gestational week 20–40.