Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for normal control subjects (NC) and PD patients.
| NC (N = 16) Mean ± SD (range) | PD total (N = 15) Mean ± SD (range) | PD ON (N = 15) Mean ± SD (range) | PD OFF (N = 15) Mean ± SD (range) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 67.75 ± 4.55 (62–78) | 65.27 ± 8.14 (52–83) | ||
| Years of education | 15.50 ± 3.00 (11–22) | 14.00 ± 3.95 (8–20) | ||
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 0 ± 0.0 | 1.68 ± 0.64* (1–3) | 1.96 ± 0.78* (1–3) | |
| UPDRS score | 2.00 ± 1.51 (0–6) | 19.64 ± 7.70* (10–33) | 30.93 ± 11.01* (13–51) | |
| BDI score | 5.31 ± 2.98 (0–11) | 6.93 ± 5.55 (0–16) | 8.50 ± 7.77 (0–32) | |
| MMSE score | 29.00 ± 1.00 (27–30) | 28.64 ± 1.15 (27–30) | 28.57 ± 0.94 (27–30) | |
| PANDA score | 25.43 ± 3.2 (18–29) | 22.14 ± 4.9 (13–30) | 21.71 ± 5.1 (14–28) | |
| FSS score | 3.15 ± 1.4 (1.0–4.8) | 3.60 ± 2.0 (1.0–7.0) | 3.60 ± 1.9 (1.11–6.67) | |
| PDQ score | 29.93 ± 24.7 (2–88) | 35.21 ± 28.5 (4–97) |
*Significantly different from control subjects (p < 0.0167). BDI, Beck depression inventory; FSS, fatigue severity scale; MMSE, mini mental state examination; PANDA, Parkinson neuropsychometric dementia assessment; PDQ, Parkinson's disease questionnaire; UPDRS, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale; SD, standard deviation.