Nod2 is necessary and sufficient for MDP-enhanced Salmonella killing by autophagy. (A) HCT116 cells transfected with control or Nod2 RNAi and infected ±MDP (10µg/mL), mean ±SD. (B) Gentamycin protection assay performed with HEK293T cells transfected with indicated amounts of Nod2 plasmid, mean ±SD. (C) Control or RICK RNAi transfected HCT116 cells and infected ±MDP (10µg/mL), mean ±SD. (D) Gentamycin protection assay performed with HEK293T cells transfected with vector, Nod2 or NLRP3 expression plasmid and control or ATG16L1 RNAi construct, mean ±SD. (E) Autophagosomal maturation assessed by flow cytometric analysis of GFP-mCherry-LC3 in HEK293T cells transfected with vector, Nod2 or NLRP3 expression vectors. Histogram of GFP MFI of the mCherry-positive population (left). Quantification of GFP/mCherry MFI ratio normalized to vector transfected sample, mean ±SD (right, n=4).