Figure 5.

Inhibition of autophagy impairs activation of Nod2 signaling. NF-κB luciferase reporter assays were performed in HCT116 cells in the presence of autophagy inhibitors. Luciferase values normalized to β-gal transfection control (nLuc), mean ±SD. (A) Steps of autophagosome formation and maturation with key molecules and action of inhibitors indicated. (B) Cells stimulated with MDP and indicated amounts of 3-methyl adenine (3-MA). (C) Cells transfected with either control or Beclin-1 RNAi constructs. (D) Cells transfected with control, ATG16L1, or Nod2 RNAi constructs. (E) Cells stimulated with MDP and indicated amounts of chloroquine.