Table 4.
Mental disorders by LCA-defined subtypes of nonmedical opioid users (N =1,815)
| Men | Women | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lifetime mental disorders: column % (95% CI) |
C1: Opioid– marijuana |
C2: Opioid– other prescription drugs |
C3: Opioid– marijuana– hallucinogen |
C4: Opioid– polydrug |
χ2 p-value |
C1: Opioid– marijuana |
C2: Opioid– other prescription drugs |
C3: Opioid– marijuana– hallucinogen |
C4: Opioid– polydrug |
χ2 p-value |
| Sample size | 283 | 85 | 275 | 371 | 344 | 90 | 195 | 172 | ||
| Mood problem/disorder | ||||||||||
| Major depression | 24.5 (19.0–30.8) | 39.2 (27.5–52.3) | 35.6 (29.5–42.1) | 42.0 (35.8–48.4) | <0.01 | 41.0 (34.6–47.7) | 66.6 (54.5–76.8) | 53.9 (45.4–62.1) | 55.7 (47.4–63.8) | <0.01 |
| Dysthymia | 3.7 (1.9–6.9) | 18.6 (10.2–31.5) | 7.1 (4.4–11.3) | 15.9 (12.1–20.7) | <0.01 | 10.5 (7.4–14.7) | 36.4 (26.8–47.2) | 20.3 (14.4–27.8) | 27.6 (20.0–36.8) | <0.01 |
| Mania | 4.2 (2.5–7.0) | 13.8 (7.7–23.4) | 13.5 (9.2–19.4) | 15.9 (12.0–20.8) | <0.01 | 11.4 (7.9–16.1) | 25.9 (16.7–37.7) | 14.8 (10.1–21.2) | 23.8 (17.0–32.4) | <0.01 |
| Hypomania | 7.8 (4.9–12.2) | 8.4 (3.5–19.0) | 6.3 (3.8–10.2) | 7.0 (4.4–11.1) | NS | 6.2 (4.0–9.4) | 8.3 (3.4–18.7) | 7.0 (3.4–14.0) | 8.7 (4.5–16.2) | NS |
| Anxiety disorder | ||||||||||
| Panic disorder | 4.5 (2.3–8.8) | 9.8 (4.8–19.0) | 8.9 (6.0–13.0) | 11.2 (8.2–15.1) | NS | 10.0 (6.8–14.4) | 16.1 (9.5–25.9) | 14.2 (8.8–21.9) | 23.7 (16.9–32.6) | <0.051 |
| Social phobia | 6.3 (3.1–12.4) | 3.8 (1.0–13.4) | 12.9 (8.1–20.0) | 7.7 (5.3–11.2) | NS | 10.5 (7.3–15.0) | 23.6 (15.2–34.7) | 17.0 (10.6–26.0) | 18.3 (12.3–26.4) | <0.051 |
| Specific phobia | 9.4 (6.2–14.0) | 20.3 (11.6–32.9) | 13.7 (9.6–19.1) | 13.2 (9.5–18.2) | NS | 21.9 (16.8–27.9) | 28.0 (18.9–39.4) | 28.8 (21.2–37.8) | 30.6 (22.6–39.9) | NS |
| Generalized anxiety | 3.5 (1.7–7.1) | 11.5 (5.5–22.6) | 5.1 (3.1–8.4) | 9.9 (7.1–13.6) | <0.051 | 9.3 (6.2–13.7) | 31.6 (22.0–43.1) | 14.4 (8.7–23.0) | 18.7 (12.5–27.1) | <0.01 |
| Personality disorder | ||||||||||
| Avoidant | 2.5 (0.9–4.3) | 12.5 (5.6–14.8) | 6.6 (3.7–11.5) | 6.7 (4.2–10.4) | NS | 6.2 (3.6–10.4) | 14.8 (8.6–24.3) | 13.8 (8.1–22.5) | 9.7 (5.5–16.5) | NS |
| Dependent | 0.5 (0.1–3.7) | 0.0 | 2.5 (0.8–8.0) | 1.8 (0.7–4.8) | NS | 0.7 (0.2–2.9) | 4.2 (1.3–12.9) | 1.8 (0.6–5.1) | 2.8 (1.2–6.5) | NS |
| Obsessive-compulsive | 11.8 (7.8–17.5) | 9.9 (4.7–19.4) | 19.1 (14.0–25.6) | 14.4 (10.6–19.1) | NS | 16.8 (12.9–21.7) | 21.6 (13.8–32.3) | 16.6 (10.6–25.2) | 23.5 (16.4–32.5) | NS |
| Paranoid | 6.0 (3.4–10.3) | 3.3 (1.0–10.6) | 10.8 (7.0–16.3) | 11.0 (7.7–15.5) | NS | 10.8 (7.8–14.8) | 23.6 (14.9–35.3) | 15.5 (9.9–23.6) | 17.6 (11.8–25.4) | <0.01 |
| Schizoid | 7.3 (4.2–12.5) | 10.9 (4.9–22.8) | 9.3 (5.9–14.3) | 9.9 (6.5–14.8) | NS | 5.9 (3.6–9.3) | 11.7 (5.9–21.9) | 11.8 (6.8–19.8) | 12.9 (8.0–20.2) | NS |
| Histrionic | 3.2 (1.7–6.0) | 5.7 (2.3–13.3) | 11.0 (7.0–16.9) | 6.6 (4.0–10.7) | NS | 3.5 (1.8–6.6) | 12.6 (6.6–22.7) | 8.4 (4.6–14.9) | 11.8 (7.1–18.9) | <0.051 |
| Antisocial | 13.3 (8.9–19.5) | 18.4 (9.1–33.6) | 26.5 (20.6–33.5) | 33.7 (28.5–39.3) | <0.01 | 6.4 (4.1–9.8) | 20.4 (12.0–32.4) | 16.1 (10.5–23.8) | 25.2 (17.9–34.2) | <0.01 |
NS: p>0.05;
1
due to multiple comparisons, only results with p<0.01 are discussed. CI: confidence intervals.