Table 4.
Estimated effects (odds-ratios) of types and disaggregated numbers of childhood adversities on lifetime risk of four classes of DSM-IV/CIDI disordersa (n=4351)
| Mood | Anxiety | Substance | Intermittent Explosive | Significance Test χ23 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | OR | (95 % CI) | ||
| I. Maladaptive family functioning | |||||||||
| Parent mental illness | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.9) | 2.2 | (1.6, 2.9)* | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.1) | 1.3 | (0.6, 2.8) | 10.9* |
| Parent substance | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.6) | 1.7 | (1.1, 2.6)* | 2.7 | (1.4, 5.3)* | 4.5 | (1.6, 12.5)* | 5.4 |
| Parent criminal | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.3) | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.7) | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.8) | 1.3 | (0.5, 3.2) | 1.6 |
| Family violence | 0.8 | (0.4, 1.4) | 1.1 | (0.6, 2.0) | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.6) | 0.7 | (0.2, 2.6) | 1.1 |
| Physical abuse | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.8) | 1.9 | (1.5, 2.3)* | 1.4 | (1.0, 2.1) | 1.1 | (0.5, 2.5) | 3.6 |
| Sexual abuse | 0.5 | (0.1, 4.2) | 2.2 | (0.6, 7.6) | 4.9 | (2.0, 12.1)* | 7.0 | (1.1, 46.3)* | 15.4* |
| II. Other childhood adversities | 1.2 | (0.7, 1.8) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.7) | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.6) | 1.4 | (0.6, 3.6) | 0.9 |
| Parent died | 0.7 | (0.5, 1.2) | 1.5 | (1.0, 2.2)* | 0.8 | (0.5, 1.2) | 0.9 | (0.4, 2.0) | 11.3* |
| Parent divorce | 1.5 | (0.8, 2.6) | 1.7 | (1.1, 2.7)* | 1.0 | (0.5, 1.9) | 3.0 | (1.0, 8.8) | 4.3 |
| Other parent loss | 1.8 | (0.9, 3.3) | 1.9 | (1.2, 3.0)* | 0.9 | (0.5, 1.6) | 1.5 | (0.4, 5.5) | 5.1 |
| Physical illness | 0.4 | (0.2, 0.8) | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.3) | 1.1 | (0.6, 1.9) | 0.6 | (0.1, 2.0) | 4.6 |
| Economic adversity | 1.2 | (0.7, 1.8) | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.7) | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.6) | 1.4 | (0.6, 3.6) | 0.9 |
| χ211 | 23.8* | 80.0* | 27.9* | 41.4* | |||||
| Number of adversities | |||||||||
| 2 | 1.8 | (1.0, 3.1)* | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.4) | 1.5 | (0.9, 2.5) | 0.6 | (0.2, 1.5) | |
| 3 | 2.1 | (0.8, 5.3) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.7) | 1.0 | (0.4, 2.3) | 1.1 | (0.2, 6.0) | |
| 4+ | 3.5 | (1.1, 11.2)* | 0.3 | (0.1, 1.1) | 0.6 | (0.1, 2.8) | 0.2 | (0.0, 2.0) | |
| χ23 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 9.7* | 6.1 | |||||
*
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.
a
Based on discrete-time survival models with person-year the unit of analysis pooled across 12 DSM-IV/CIDI disorders. All models control for person-year, age-at-interview, gender, race, and controls for prior onset of comorbid conditions that began prior to age 17. In addition, models included 11 indicator variables for the outcome disorder category (i.e., for the 12 disorders in the stacked dataset). The present model was estimated with indicator variables for types of adversities and number of adversities.