Table 5.

Multivariate associations (odds ratios) between childhood adversities and first onset of DSM-IV disorders in three life course stages^a (n=4351)

	Childhood (Ages 4–12)		Adolescence and Early Adulthood (Ages 13–24)		Adulthood (Ages 25+)		Significance Test
	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	Significance Test

I. Maladaptive family functioning
Parent mental illness	1.7	(1.2, 2.5)^*	1.5	(1.0, 2.1)^*	1.1	(0.5, 2.5)	0.3
Parent substance	2.2	(1.4, 3.6)^*	1.7	(1.0, 3.0)	1.4	(0.6, 3.1)	0.9
Parent criminal	1.0	(0.7, 1.5)	1.2	(0.7, 2.0)	1.2	(0.5, 2.8)	2.5
Family violence	0.9	(0.5, 1.5)	0.8	(0.4, 1.3)	1.8	(0.8, 3.8)	9.8^*
Physical abuse	1.9	(1.5, 2.5)^*	1.1	(0.8, 1.7)	1.0	(0.6, 1.8)	8.9^*
Sexual abuse	2.1	(0.9, 5.1)	1.2	(0.2, 6.9)	6.3	(1.4, 27.9)^*	10.1^*
II. Other childhood adversities
Parent died	1.2	(0.9, 1.6)	1.2	(0.9, 1.6)	0.9	(0.4, 1.9)	0.3
Parent divorce	1.0	(0.7, 1.3)	1.2	(0.8, 1.9)	1.0	(0.4, 2.5)	1.6
Other parent loss	1.2	(0.8, 2.0)	1.9	(1.0, 3.5)^*	1.4	(0.7, 2.9)	1.4
Physical illness	1.4	(0.9, 2.4)	1.9	(1.2, 3.1)^*	0.9	(0.3, 2.6)	1.2
Economic adversity	0.9	(0.6, 1.4)	0.9	(0.5, 1.6)	0.5	(0.2, 1.4)	0.2
χ²₁₁	28.2^*		50.0^*		18.3
Number of Adversities
2	1.1	(0.8, 1.7)	1.2	(0.8, 1.8)	1.9	(0.8, 4.5)
3	0.8	(0.4, 1.7)	1.6	(0.8, 3.1)	2.8	(0.6, 12.7)
4+	0.6	(0.2, 1.8)	0.4	(0.1, 2.1)	1.3	(0.2, 9.7)
χ²₃	5.8		3.2		10.1^*

Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test.

Based on discrete-time survival models with person-year the unit of analysis pooled across 12 DSM-IV/CIDI disorders. All models control for person-year, age-at-interview, gender, race, and controls for prior onset of comorbid conditions that began prior to age 17. In addition, models included 11 indicator variables for the outcome disorder category (i.e., for the 12 disorders in the stacked dataset). The present model was estimated with indicator variables for types of adversities and number of adversities.