Table 1.
SUD Group | Control | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | N | Stnd. Alphaa | Mean | SD | Stnd Alpha | Mean | SD | 2 sample | Effect | |
t-test | Sizeb | SS* | ||||||||
LOT * | 480 | 0.73 | 17.87 | 5.35 | 0.73 | 21.03 | 4.56 | t = 8.99, p = .0001 | −0.64 | 357 male undergraduates |
21.41 | 5.32 | t = 8.68, p = .0001 | −0.66 | 267 female undergraduates | ||||||
LAP-R * | ||||||||||
PU* | 478 | 0.80 | 35.91 | 9.58 | 0.87 | 40.32 | 8.46 | t= 5.78, p = .0001 | −0.49 | age 25–44 community |
CO* | 478 | 0.81 | 39.85 | 8.75 | 0.84 | 39.18 | 8.47 | t =0.94, p = 0.35 | 0.08 | sample of 212 people |
CR* | 478 | 0.67 | 42.81 | 7.65 | 0.78 | 45.03 | 6.09 | t = 3.73, p = .0002 | −0.30 | |
DA* | 478 | 0.79 | 35.97 | 10.28 | 0.83 | 35.29 | 8.89 | t = 0.83, p = 0.40 | 0.07 | |
EV* | 476 | 0.66 | 36.65 | 8.16 | 0.80 | 25.39 | 8.75 | t= 16.35, p = .0001 | 1.34 | |
GS* | 478 | 0.64 | 44.60 | 6.00 | 0.77 | 41.32 | 7.07 | t = 6.26, p = .0001 | 0.50 | |
PMI* | 478 | 0.88 | 75.76 | 16.92 | 0.91 | 79.51 | 15.91 | t = 2.73, p= .0064 | −0.23 | |
S/R Index * | 79 AIDS survivors | |||||||||
SOP* | 481 | 0.94 | 36.14 | 8.48 | 0.94 | 35.78 | 9.35 | t = 0.49, p = 0.62 | 0.04 | 200 people with HIV+ |
FIG* | 483 | 0.91 | 25.45 | 5.53 | 0.93 | 23.64 | 6.75 | t = 3.64, p = .0003 | 0.29 | |
RB* | 483 | 0.86 | 17.76 | 5.43 | 0.85 | 15.94 | 6.00 | t = 3.86, p = .0001 | 0.32 | |
CVOO* | 482 | 0.90 | 20.92 | 4.43 | 0.87 | 19.89 | 4.31 | t = 2.79, p = .0055 | 0.24 | |
TS* | 480 | 0.96 | 100.29 | 21.19 | 0.96 | 95.25 | 20.77 | t = 2.84, p = .0046 | 0.24 | |
SPS * | ||||||||||
G* | 482 | 0.71 | 12.98 | 2.66 | 0.76 | 14.18 | 2.23 | t = 10.05, p = .0001 | −0.49 | 1183 undergraduates, |
RA* | 483 | 0.66 | 12.98 | 2.47 | 0.65 | 14.43 | 1.91 | t = 13.85, p = .0001 | −0.66 | 303 teachers, |
ROW* | 483 | 0.50 | 11.48 | 2.30 | 0.66 | 13.29 | 2.02 | t = 16.95, p = .0001 | −0.84 | 306 nurses. |
OFN* | 483 | 0.54 | 11.54 | 2.46 | 0.66 | 12.82 | 2.28 | t = 10.76, p = .0001 | −0.54 | |
ATT* | 483 | 0.63 | 11.82 | 2.59 | 0.75 | 13.72 | 2.42 | t = 15.08, p = .0001 | −0.76 | |
SI* | 481 | 0.64 | 12.29 | 2.38 | 0.67 | 14.01 | 1.90 | t = 16.66, p = .0001 | −0.80 | |
TSS* | 480 | 0.88 | 73.09 | 11.25 | 0.92 | 82.45 | 9.89 | t = 17.87, p = .0001 | −0.88 | |
Mood * | 478 | 0.88 | 34.31 | 8.70 | 0.88 | 33.30 | 7.20 | t = 2.35, p = .0187 | 0.13 | 952 college students, 50 college employees |
Hope | ||||||||||
PATH* | 481 | 0.63 | 17.61 | 4.55 | 0.65 | 12.81 | 1.75 | t = 22.69, p =.0001 | 1.39 | 955 college students |
AG* | 481 | 0.74 | 16.78 | 5.10 | 0.71 | 12.83 | 1.69 | t = 21.69, p=.0001 | 1.04 | |
TS* | 481 | 0.76 | 34.38 | 8.29 | 0.76 | 25.64 | 2.93 | t = 29.17, p = .0001 | 1.41 | |
VIT * | 483 | 0.91 | 30.38 | 8.84 | 0.83 | 31.98 | 5.62 | t = 2.71, p = .007 | −0.22 | 276 college students |
0.89 | 31.16 | 6.29 | t = 1.26, p = 0.21 | −0.10 | 259 college students |
LOT = Life Orientation Test (optimism). LAP-R = Life Attitude Profile Revised; PU = purpose scale; CO = coherence scale; CR = choice/responsibleness scale; DA = death acceptance; EV = existence vacuum; GS = goal seeking; PMI = personal meaning index. S/R index = Spirituality/Religiousness Index; SOP = Sense of Peace scale; FIG = faith in God; RB = religious behavior; CVOO = compassionate view of others; TS = total score. Mood = PANAS positive mood. SPS = Social Provisions Scale; G = guidance; RA= reliable alliance; OFN = opportunity for nurturance; ATT = attachment; SI = social integration. PATH = hope pathway subscale; AG = hope agency subscale; TS = total Hope score. VIT = vitality.
standardized alpha
Cohen's d statistic