Table 3.
Distribution of Obstetric Risk Factors by Fecal Incontinence Status among Women in Olmsted County, Minnesota
| Risk Factor | All cases (n = 176) |
All controls (n = 176) |
Discordant pairs | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Only case has risk factor |
Only control has risk factor |
||||
| Pregnancy | 143 | 145 | 26 | 28 | 0.89 |
| Vaginal delivery | 140 | 136 | 31 | 27 | 0.60 |
| Delivery with prolonged 2nd stage of labor |
11 | 24 | 7 | 20 | 0.19 |
| Forceps-assisted delivery | 89 | 76 | 47 | 34 | 0.18 |
| Low forceps-assisted delivery | 67 | 59 | 41 | 33 | 0.42 |
| Delivery with shoulder dystocia | 5 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 0.58 |
| Perineal laceration | 15 | 28 | 11 | 24 | 0.04 |
| Third or fourth degree perineal laceration |
4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0.38 |
| Episiotomy | 134 | 122 | 40 | 28 | 0.18 |
| Midline episiotomy | 53 | 53 | 37 | 37 | 1.0 |
| Third or fourth degree episiotomy | 27 | 17 | 25 | 15 | 0.15 |