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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Nov 2.
Published in final edited form as: CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2010 Nov 1;9(5):661–666. doi: 10.2174/187152710793361595

Figure 1. Overview of VIP, PACAP, and their receptors.

Figure 1

The amino acid sequences of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) are given, demonstrating the high degree of homology shared by the peptides. Both VIP and PACAP bind VPAC1, VPAC2, and PAC1 receptors, initiating a signaling pathway which is transduced by the s subunit of the G protein complex (Gs), and Gs then stimulates adenylate cyclase (AC). Some of the putative functions of each receptor are also summarized.