. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Early Child Res Q. 2010 Oct 1;25(4):450–463. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2010.02.001

Table 3.

Summary of hierarchical linear regression analyses for models predicting child communication development at 15 months (n = 514) and child expressive language development at 36 months (n = 486)

Model		CSBS at 15 months	PLS at 36 months
Step 1: Demographic controls	F (R²)	5.15^* (.05)	11.57^* (.12)
State (PA = 1)	B (se)	1.04 (1.54)	−2.32 (1.74)
Hours/week in childcare	B (se)	−0.00 (.04)	0.10^* (.04)
Income-to-needs ratio	B (se)	1.26^* (.40)	2.38^* (.41)
Ethnicity (African American = 1)	B (se)	−3.01 (1.97)	−7.81^* (2.17)
Child distress	B (se)	2.30 ^* (.84)	0.73 (.94)
Birth order (first born = 1)	B (se)	2.78^* (1.41)	−0.65 (1.55)
Step 2: Maternal characteristics	F (ΔR²)	0.79 (.00)	7.57^* (.04)
Maternal education	B (se)	0.32 (.39)	1.99 ^* (.42)
Maternal time with book	B (se)	0.00 (.01)	0.01 (.01)
Maternal vocabulary	B (se)	−0.02 (.03)	0.02 (.03)
Step 3: Paternal characteristics	F (ΔR²)	3.10^* (.02)	3.12^* (.02)
Paternal education	B (se)	−0.38 (.40)	0.89^* (.44)
Paternal time with book	B (se)	−0.01 (.01)	−0.02 (.01)
Paternal vocabulary	B (se)	0.08^* (.03)	0.06^* (.03)

p < .05.