Table 3.

Double-blind randomized controlled trials of percentage spine Bone Mineral Density (BMD) change per year in postmenopausal women treated with Progesterone/Medroxyprogesterone (MPA) compared with placebo.

Author/year and reference	Total number	Age	Bone site	Years	Drug and dose	Schedule	Number	% BMD Change (Active)	Number	% BMD Change (Placebo)
Gallagher 1991 [84]	81	51.7 ± 4.4	DPA* L2−4	2	MPA 20 mg	23/28 days	20	Spine −2.5	20	Spine −3.8
			Radius				20	Radius 0.0	18	Radius −2.4
Prior 1997 [85]	33	45 ± 5	QCT T12−L3 DXA	1	MPA 10 mg	Daily	18	QCT −15	NA∙	NA
			WB+					WB −2.8	NA	NA
			FN++					FN −5.2	NA	NA
Leonetti 1999 [86]	102	52.5	DXA L2−4	1	*P4 Cream 20 mg	Daily	43	Spine −1.4	47	Spine −1.0
			T Hip				43	T Hip −2.5	47	T Hip −1.0
Liu 2005 [87]	132	52.5	DXA L2−4	2	+OMP	300 mg Daily	15	Spine −1.0	23	Spine −1.0
			FN				15	FN −0.5	23	FN −0.0
					MPA	10 mg Daily	16	Spine −1.9	23	Spine −1.0
							16	FN −1.1	23	FN −0.0
Mean % Change					OMP & P4 Cream		58	Spine −1.2	70	Spine −1.0
					MPA		36	Spine −2.2	43	Spine −2.4

*P₄: progesterone

⁺OMP: oral micronized progesterone

^∙NA: not available—this trial was controlled by conjugated equine estrogen and without a placebo.