Table 1.

ING gene mutation and expression in HNSCC.

ING	Origin	Methods	Mutation type/expression change	Position	Frequency	Reference
ING1	Patient	MM	LOH	13q34	20/44(45.5%)	[88]
	Cell lines	Sequencing	No mutation		0/5
	Patient	Sequencing	No mutation		0/20
	Patient	MM	LOH	13q33-34	23/34(68%)	[89]
	Patient	PCR-SSCP	Missense	PHD (215)	1/23(4.3%)
	Patient	PCR-SSCP	Missense	PHD (216)	1/23(4.3%)
	Patient	PCR-SSCP	Missense	NLS (192)	1/23(4.3%)
	Patient	RT-PCR	Downregulation		6/12(50%)	[90]
	Patient	IHC	Downregulation		37/49(76%)	[85]
	Cell lines	Sequencing	No mutation		0/3	[86]
	Patient	IHC	Downregulation		79/214(36.9%)
ING2	Patient	MM	LOH	4q35.1	33/55(54.6%)	[82]
ING3	Patient	MM	LOH	7q31	22/46(48%)	[91]
	Patient	RT-PCR	Downregulation		20/40(50%)
	Patient	PCR-SSCP	Missense	LZL(20)	1/49(2%)
	Patient	RT-PCR	Downregulation		37/71(52.1%)	[92]
	Patient	RT-PCR	Upregulation		15/71(21%)
ING4	Patient	MM	LOH	12p13	33/50(66%)	[87]
	Patient	Sequencing	No mutation		0/50
	Patient	Q-PCR	Downregulation		38/50(76%)
	Patient	Q-PCR	Upregulation		7/50(14%)
	Cell lines	Sequencing	No mutation		0/3	[93]
	Patient	IHC	Downregulation		96/214(44.9%)
ING5	Patient	RT-PCR	Downregulation		19/31(61.3%)	[94]
	Patient	Sequencing	Missense	LZL(33)	1/31(3.2%)
	Patient	Sequencing	Missense	NCR(68)	1/31(3.2%)
	Patient	Sequencing	Missense	NCR(74)	1/31(3.2%)
	Cell lines	Sequencing	No mutation		0/3	[80]
	Patient	IHC	Downregulation		77/214(36%)

Note: MM, Microsatellite marker; PCR-SSCP, Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism; RT-PCR, Retrotranscription-polymerase chain reaction; Q-PCR, Quantitative-polymerase chain reaction; IHC, immunohistochemistry.