Table 1.
Sample characteristics (n = 861)
| Characteristic | Mean (sd) or % |
|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | |
| Age (yr) | 74.1 (6.6) |
| Women | 54.8 |
| Education (yr) | 5.4 (3.2) |
| Baseline health indicators | |
| Smoking status | |
| Never | 57.8 |
| Former | 27.5 |
| Current | 14.6 |
| Alcohol intake (≥3 drinks a day) | 10.7 |
| Body mass index | 27.5 (3.9) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 92.8 (10.1) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 150.5 (19.2) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 84.0 (8.4) |
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | 12.5 (8.6) |
| Cognitive functioning (MMSE)a | 26 [23–28] |
| Cardiovascular disease | 13.0 |
| Diabetes | 12.2 |
| Number of other chronic diseases | 1.1 (0.9) |
| Cortisol | |
| Urine volume (ml) | 1515 (570) |
| 24-h urinary creatinine (mg) | 964 (337) |
| 24-h urinary cortisol (μg) | 99.3 (48.0) |
| Mortality | |
| Deceased | 21.3 |
| Noncardiovascular death | 16.5 |
| Cardiovascular death | 4.8 |
CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (scale); MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
a
Because of non-normal distribution, median [interquartile range] is shown.